MoS_(2)-based nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Molybdenum is a trace dietary element necessary for the survival of humans.Some molybdenum-bearing enzymes are involved in key metabolic activities in the human body(such as xanthine oxidase,aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase).Many molybdenum-based compounds have been widely used in biomedical research.Especially,MoS_(2)-nanomaterials have attracted more attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment recently because of their unique physical and chemical properties.MoS_(2)can adsorb various biomolecules and drug molecules via covalent or non-covalent interactions because it is easy to modify and possess a high specific surface area,improving its tumor targeting and colloidal stability,as well as accuracy and sensitivity for detecting specific biomarkers.At the same time,in the near-infrared(NIR)window,MoS_(2)has excellent optical absorption and prominent photothermal conversion efficiency,which can achieve NIR-based phototherapy and NIR-responsive controlled drug-release.Significantly,the modified MoS_(2)-nanocomposite can specifically respond to the tumor microenvironment,leading to drug accumulation in the tumor site increased,reducing its side effects on non-cancerous tissues,and improved therapeutic effect.In this review,we introduced the latest developments of MoS_(2)-nanocomposites in cancer diagnosis and therapy,mainly focusing on biosensors,bioimaging,chemotherapy,phototherapy,microwave hyperthermia,and combination therapy.Furthermore,we also discuss the current challenges and prospects of MoS_(2)-nanocomposites in cancer treatment.