我国终点型生命周期影响评价模型及基准值初步研究

Preliminary Study on Endpoint Life Cycle Impact Assessment Model and Normalisation Value in China

为了开展生命周期影响评价方法的本地化研究工作,基于终点损害模型方法,通过文献查阅损害因子、核算人均基准值、问卷调研权重,构建了适用于我国的终点损害类生命周期影响评价模型.结果表明:①模型选取了致癌作用、细颗粒物形成、气候变化、水资源消耗、光化学臭氧形成、生态毒性、酸化、富营养化、土地利用、矿产资源、化石燃料11个环境影响类别,对应的终点损害类别为人体健康、生态系统、资源.②通过文献查阅获得了上述11个环境影响类别下污染物(或资源、能源)的损害因子.③以2017年为基准年,以我国为基准区域,核算了人体健康、生态系统和资源的人均基准值分别为0.019 DALY(disability adjusted life years,伤残调整寿命年)、6.08×10^(-5) species、2467.42 MJ.研究显示,构建的终点损害模型不仅可以通过归一化将不同污染物以及资源、能源消耗核算成一个数值来表征环境影响,还可以实现产品内、产品间的相互比较,识别对环境影响较大的环节,推动绿色发展.

To promote the localization application of life cycle assessment,a life cycle impact assessment model for endpoint damage was explicitly created for China.This mode has been established in terms of literature review of damage factors,accounting for per capita normalisation values,and weighting-based surveys.The results are as follows:(1)Eleven environmental impact categories have been carefully selected within this model,including carcinogenesis,fine particulate matter formation,climate change,water consumption,photochemical oxidant formation,ecotoxicity,acidification,eutrophication,land use,mineral resources and fossil fuels,and the corresponding damage endpoints were human health,ecosystem quality and resources.(2)The damage factors of pollutants,resources and energy were obtained.(3)With consideration of the fascial year 2017,the regional per capita normalisation values of human health,ecosystem quality and resources in China are 0.019 DALY,6.08×10^(-5) species and 2467.42 MJ,respectively.This study indicates that the constructed endpoint damage model can represent the environmental impact by normalizing different pollutants,resources and energy consumption into a specific value.In addition,the major findings can support for intra-product and inter-product impact comparison,identification of the links with more significant impacts on the environment,and further promote the sustainable development.