云南西盟蔗区土壤大量元素养分状况分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Macro-element Nutrient Status in Ximeng Sugarcane Area of Yunnan

土壤pH值、有机质和养分含量是影响甘蔗产量和糖分的重要因素,通过分析研究西盟蔗区土壤pH值、有机质和养分含量及聚类状况,提出甘蔗科学种植的养分管理建议。2020年11月采集西盟昌裕糖业有限责任公司蔗区3400 hm^(2)有代表性的土壤类型、海拔、品种分布的蔗区土壤混合样品104份,对土壤的pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等进行检测分析。结果表明:蔗区土壤pH变化范围在4.3~7.1,平均值为5.4,有机质变化范围为8.3~65.6 g/kg,平均值为31.6 g/kg,碱解氮变化范围为53.8~227.6 mg/kg,平均值为128.3 mg/kg,有效磷变化范围为1.2~80.8 mg/kg,平均值为13.92 mg/kg,速效钾变化范围为20~811 mg/kg,平均值为134.5 mg/kg。蔗区土壤呈酸性,有机质属于较高水平,碱解氮为较高水平,有效磷和速效钾为一般水平;聚类分析结果表明,勐卡镇、新厂镇、力所乡和澜沧县竹塘乡的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等性质具有相似性;勐梭镇、翁嘎科乡、中课镇和澜沧县拉巴乡土壤性质具有相似性。通过分析研究蔗区土壤状况,提出甘蔗科学种植的养分管理建议,促进蔗农持续增产增收,对稳定和发展甘蔗种植面积具有重要的实际意义。

The soil pH,organic matter and nutrient content are the important factors affecting sugarcane yield and sugar content.Through analysis and study of soil pH,organic matter and nutrient content and clustering status in Ximeng sugarcane areas,recommendations for nutrient management for scientific sugarcane planting were put forward.In November 2020,104 samples of soil mixed samples of 3400 hm^(2) representative soil type,altitude and variety distribution in sugarcane area of Ximeng Changyu Sugar Industry Co.Ltd.were collected,which were effective for soil pH,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,and effective phosphorus,quick-acting potassium,etc.were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the soil pH in the sugarcane area varied from 4.3 to 7.1,average value was 5.4,the organic matter was 8.3~65.6 g/kg,average value was 31.6 g/kg,the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen varied from 53.8 to 227.6 mg/kg,average value was 128.3 mg/kg,and the available phosphorus varied from 1.2 to 80.8 mg/kg,average value was 13.92 mg/kg.The range of available potassium was 20~811 mg/kg,average value was 134.5 mg/kg.The soil in the sugarcane area was acidic,with a relatively high level of organic matter,a relatively high level of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and a relatively high level of available phosphorus and available potassium.The cluster analysis results showed that the properties of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the Mengka,Xinchang,Lisuo and Zhutang of Lancang were similar;as the same in Mengsuo,Wenggake,Zhongke and Laba in Lancang.Through the analysis and research of the soil conditions in the sugarcane area,the nutrient management recommendations for scientific sugarcane planting were put forward to promote the continuous increase in production and income of sugarcane farmers,which had important practical significance for stabilizing and developing the sugarcane planting area.