2016年安徽南部洪灾后重要病媒生物应急监测

Emergency surveillance of important vectors after floods in southern Anhui Province in 2016

目的了解安徽南部洪灾后重要病媒生物的种类、密度、分布及消长规律。方法分别采用夹夜法、诱蚊灯法和笼诱法开展鼠、蚊和蝇类监测。结果共布放2 152只次鼠夹,有效夹2 042只,捕获鼠类34只,捕获率为1.67%;鼠类捕获率与日均气温呈极显著正相关关系(R=0.996,P<0.01)。洪灾区钩体病月病例数与鼠密度间呈极显著正相关关系(R=0.995,P<0.01),出血热月病例数与媒介黑线姬鼠密度间也呈显著正相关关系(R=0.972,P<0.05)。布放诱蚊灯60盏次,捕获雌性成蚊3 084只,属于蚊科3属7种,蚊密度为51.4只/(灯·夜),优势蚊种为三带喙库蚊;灾区蚊密度与日均气温呈极显著正相关关系(R=0.996,P<0.01)。共布放诱蝇笼57只,捕获成蝇224只,属于6科12属14种,蝇密度为18.67只/笼,优势种为家蝇等。结论洪灾后卫生防疫的重点为鼠、蚊、蝇类防治。

Objective To understand the species, density, distribution and fluctuation of important vectors after flood in southern Anhui Province.Methods The rodents, mosquitoes and flies were monitored by night trapping, lamp traps and cage traps.Results A total of 2 152 mouse traps were placed, with 2 042 effective, and 34 rodents were captured, showing the capture rate of 1.67%.There were significant positive correlations between rodent capture rate and average daily air temperature(R=0.996,P<0.01),between the number of monthly cases and the rodent density in flood area(R=0.995,P<0.01),and between the number of monthly cases of hemorrhagic fever and the density of vector Apodemus agrarius in the flood areas(R=0.972,P<0.05).A total of 60 mosquito trapping lamps were placed, and 3 084 female adult mosquitoes, belonging to 7 species, 3 genera, were captured, showing the mosquito density of 51.4 insects per lamp at a night.The dominant species was Culex tritaeniorhynchus.There was a significant positive correlation(R=0.996,P<0.01) between mosquito density and daily mean air temperature.A total of 57 fly cages were placed and 224 adult flies were captured, belonging to 14 species, 12 genera and 6 families.The density of flies was 18.67 insects per cage.Musca domestica was the dominant species.Conclusion Rodent, mosquito and fly control should be the emphasized after flood attacks.