河北省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫混合宿主动物寄生蚤分布分析

Distribution of parasitic fleas of plague mixed host animals in plague natural foci of Hebei Province

目的探讨河北省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫混合宿主动物寄生蚤的分布特征。方法从2001-2019年在河北省鼠疫自然疫源地收集并鉴定宿主动物寄生蚤,分析不同季节和不同监测点宿主动物的染蚤率、蚤指数及蚤类构成的差异。结果 2001-2019年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地共收集混合宿主动物寄生蚤13 262只,属4科10属19种,平均染蚤率为41.15%,平均蚤指数为1.60。该疫源地混合宿主动物寄生蚤中方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种构成比最高,占46.63%~81.34%。不同季节宿主动物染蚤率、蚤指数和蚤种构成均不同(H=19.149和13.610、χ^(2)=793.646;P<0.05)。夏季宿主动物染蚤率和蚤指数均最高,冬季最低。不同监测点中,康保牧场的染蚤率和蚤指数均高于照阳河(Z=3.670和5.823,P<0.05)。结论河北省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫宿主动物染蚤率和蚤指数均较高,建议今后防控工作中有针对性地开展灭蚤工作。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of parasitic fleas in plague natural foci of Hebei Province.Methods The parasitic fleas of host animals in natural foci of plague in Hebei Province from 2001 to 2019 were collected and identified, and the differences of flea infection rate, flea index and flea composition of host animals in different seasons and monitoring points were analyzed.Results From 2001 to 2019,a total of 13 262 parasitic fleas were collected in plague natural foci of Hebei Province, belonging to 19 species, 10 genera and 4 families.The average flea infection rate was 41.15%,and the average flea index was 1.60.Among the parasitic fleas of mixed host animals in the natural focus, the proportion of Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus was the highest, accounting for 46.63%-81.34%.The flea infection rate, flea index and flea species composition of host animals were different in different seasons(H=19.149 and 13.610,χ^(2)=793.646,P<0.05).The flea infection rate and flea index of host animals were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter.The flea infection rate and flea index in Kangbao pasture were higher than those in Zhaoyang River(Z=3.670 and 5.823,P<0.05).Conclusion The flea infection rate and flea index of plague host animals were higher in Hebei Province.It was recommended to carry out targeted flea eradication work in future prevention and control work.