新疆阿勒泰地区草地螟发生危害与防治对策

Study on Occurrence,Harm and Control Countermeasures of Loxostege Sticticalis in Altay Area of Xinjiang

自然灾害、天气、虫害以及人为影响等综合因素都会造成草原生态系统遭到破坏,阿勒泰地区属于典型的草原畜牧业大区,每年都会有超过200100 hm^(2)的天然草场遭到虫害,对草原生态系统平衡和牧区农牧民生产生活构成威胁,其中遭到草地螟危害的超过13340 hm^(2)。草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)是一种世界性重大农业害虫,其危害主要发生在华北、东北和西北地区,在阿勒泰地区天然草场和农田比较常见,因其具有间歇性暴发、集中迁移,幼虫危害严重,成虫具有较强的迁飞能力以及快速适应环境等特点,每年都会造成阿勒泰地区草原生态系统不同程度地遭到破坏,尤其是在6~8月份破坏最为严重。从哈巴河县草地螟灯光诱捕研究发现,草地螟成虫在0010~0150和0150~0330时段幼虫数量较高,温度为22~26℃左右,相对湿度(RH)60~80条件是草地螟生活与繁殖的最佳条件,最好的防治方法则是引诱寄生性天敌昆虫对草地螟种群数量进行生物学防治,草地螟幼虫2龄盛期提倡采用低毒高效不同种类的药品进行化学防治。温湿度是影响草地螟行为活动的限制性因子,气温和湿度直接决定草地螟的生活习性和繁殖能力。随着全球变暖趋势日加明显,造成草地螟的危害程度越来越大,因此,研究草地螟形态特征、生活习性以及发生规律对于做好防治具有重要意义。

Comprehensive factors such as natural disasters,weather,pests and human influence will destroy the grassland ecosystem.Altay region is a typical grassland animal husbandry region.More than 3 million mu of natural grassland will be damaged by pests every year,which poses a threat to the balance of grassland ecosystem and the production and life of farmers and herdsmen in the pastoral area,including more than 200000 Mu damaged by grassland moth.Loxostege stiticalis is a major agricultural pest in the world.Its harm mainly occurs in North China,northeast and Northwest China.It is common in natural grassland and farmland in Altay area.It has the characteristics of intermittent outbreak,centralized migration,serious larval harm,strong migration ability of adults and rapid adaptation to the environment.Every year,the grassland ecosystem in Altay area will be damaged to varying degrees,especially from June to August.From the light trapping study of meadow moth in Habahe county,it is found that the number of adults of Loxostege stiticalis is high during 00:10-01:50 and 01:50-03:30.The best conditions for the life and reproduction of meadow moth are about 22-26℃and 60%-80%relative humidity(RH).The best control method is to lure parasitic natural enemies to biological control the population of Loxostege stiticalis.At the peak of the 2nd instar of Loxostege stiticalis larvae,it is recommended to use different kinds of drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency for chemical control.Temperature and humidity are the limiting factors affecting the behavior and activities of Loxostege stiticalis.Temperature and humidity directly determine the living habits and reproductive ability of Loxostege stiticalis.With the increasing trend of global warming,the harm of Loxostege stiticalis is becoming greater and greater.Therefore,the study on the morphological characteristics,living habits and occurrence law of meadow moth is of great significance for prevention and control.