正向外部需求是否促进了制造业企业的技术追赶--基于多产品企业出口的理论与实证

Does the Positive External Demand Promote the Technological Catch-up of Manufacturing Enterprises:Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Export of China’s Multi-product Enterprises

文章从需求侧视角出发,研究了我国制造业企业的技术追赶问题。首先,文章构建了理论模型,诠释正向外部需求加快了企业的技术追赶,并识别倾斜效应和创新效应是实现技术追赶的影响机制。其次,基于2008~2013年中国海关数据库、工业企业库和CEPII-BACI数据库的匹配数据,构建了尽量外生的企业外部需求指标;通过计算技术距离指标度量我国制造业企业技术追赶的动态变化。实证结果表明:外部市场需求规模每增加10%,我国企业与世界前沿的技术距离会缩小0.150%;通过交互回归发现,面对正向外部需求,网络化程度、管理效率、外部市场暴露越高的企业和外资企业,越容易实现技术追赶。最后,对可能存在的估计偏误以及内生性问题进行检验,证实了研究结论的稳健性。

This paper investigates the technological catch-up of China’s manufacturing enterprises from the demand-side perspective.Firstly,the paper constructs a theoretical model to explain that the positive external demand accelerates the technological catch-up of the enterprises,and identify that skewness effect and innovation effect are the influencing mechanisms to achieve the technological catch-up.Secondly,based on the matching data of China customs database,Chinese industrial enterprises database and CEPII-BACI database from 2008 to 2013,the paper constructs an external demand index of the enterprises which is as exogenous as possible,and measures the dynamic changes of the technological catch-up of China’s manufacturing enterprises by calculating the technological distance index.The empirical results show that for every 10%increase in the external market demand,the technological distance between the enterprises of China and the cutting edge of the world will be reduced by 0.150%;the interactive regression reveals that in the face of positive external demand,the enterprises with higher degree of networking,management efficiency and external market exposure as well as foreign-funded enterprises are easier to achieve the technological catch-up.Finally,the robustness of the research conclusion is confirmed by testing the possible estimation errors and endogenous problems.