社区生活圈规划中的形态研究——关于适老性生活圈、高步行友好性生活圈范围的讨论

Research on the Form of Community Life Circle Planning:Discussion on the Scope of Age-Friendly Life Circle and Walking Friendly Life Circle

本文首先整理并分析了目前生活圈理念在我国大陆地区的实践情况,对生活圈的形状进行了研究。然后从范围的角度对两类生活圈的形态进行了研究:适老性社区生活圈和高步行友好性生活圈。针对生活圈的形状及两类社区生活圈的范围,本文提出以下四个观点:一、我国当前实践中生活圈的形状会对生活圈的运转产生负面影响;二、真实生活圈的形状一般近似为一个对角线与道路重合的四边形;三、当前社区生活圈的范围标准在适老性和促进步行活动的方面存在一定的不足;四、针对适老性生活圈,建议以700 m作为范围标准;针对高步行友好性生活圈,建议以800 m作为范围标准。

Since 2015,the concept of life circle has become a hot topic in the field of planning in China,and many cities in China have proposed their own life circle planning guidelines.Although the concept of the life circle does not make specific provisions on its form,in order to facilitate understanding and the implementation of the plan,the planning department usually makes specific provisions on the shape and scope of the life circle.The deviation in the understanding of its form will have a negative impact on its practical effect.This paper summarizes and analyzes the current planning and practice of the life circle in China,and then studies it from the perspective of shape and scope.This article first analyzes the shape of the life circle.Based on the city's orthogonal road network system and the limitation of people's walking ability,this paper proposes that the true shape of the life circle is approximately a quadrilateral with a diagonal line overlapping the urban road.However,in China's current planning,urban roads are generally used as the boundary of the life circle.As a result,the shapes of these life circles are mostly a square bordered by urban road networks.This current way of planning for the life circle in China is mainly to facilitate the management of it by grassroots community management units.In this case,because the shape of the life circle in the plan is different from its actual shape,the supporting facilities within the area will not be used most efficiently and reasonably.In essence,the concept of life circle is to understand the urban space from the real life and behavior of residents,which itself contains the requirements to weaken the constraints of administrative boundaries.In order to make the life circle operate efficiently,the management mode should be innovated.Each life circle should be jointly managed by more than one grassroots administrative unit.In this way,it is possible to adapt the planning of the life circle to its actual shape.For the scope of life circle,this paper considers that the current standard of it in China is relatively large.According to the analysis of the life circle plans in China,one kilometer is currently used as the scope standard for the 15-minute life circle,which means that it is believed that most people can and are willing to walk one kilometer in 15 minutes.However,the researches on walking behavior show that this scope standard not only doesn’t meet the walking ability of the elderly and children,but also reduce the willingness of residents to choose walking as the way to go out.Based on that,this paper proposes two different scope standards for life circles.In order to encourage residents to walk,it is suggested that the scope of walking friendly life circle should not exceed 800 meters.And considering the walking needs of the elderly,it is suggested that the scope of age-friendly life circle should not exceed 700 meters.