基于VR实验的社区居住院落空间健康可供性差异研究

Research on the Difference of Health Affordance of Community Residential Courtyard Space Based on VR Experiment

良好的社区居住环境有助于提升居民身心健康水平,社区居住院落作为居民日常户外活动最频繁的公共空间在其中发挥着重要作用。本文以成都市成华区东篱路社区12号院为原型,基于可供性理论,运用虚拟现实技术、生理指标测量和问卷调查相结合的研究逻辑,探索了社区居住院落空间中自然休憩型(A)、活动型(B)、自然休憩和活动结合型(C)三种环境特征对促进居民积极情绪和体力活动两类健康可供性的干预差异,并分析形成差异的影响因子。结果表明:1)促进积极情绪方面A>C>B,自然性在促进居民积极情绪方面具有积极作用,其中植物数量、植物种类、植物色彩丰富度是主要的作用因子;适量的休憩性在促进居民积极情绪方面具有一定的作用,其中休憩设施种类、休憩设施数量是主要的作用因子;2)促进体力活动方面C>A>B,自然性和活动性两个要素相结合对促进居民体力活动具有积极作用,其中植物数量、植物遮阴和空间开敞度是主要的作用因子;3)C类环境特征的健康可供性综合指数最高,也是居民最偏好的健康化改造模型,优先提升自然性并预留活动空间是一种"低成本-高健康获益"的改造模式,应在今后社区改造更新中给予更多关注。

Rapid urbanization has brought economic prosperity to society,but at the same time,the acceleration of life and the increase in work intensity have led to urban residents generally living in a sedentary,mentally stressed state of life.The community is the basic unit of the city,and it is the cell engineering of the“Healthy City”.How to improve the health availability of public space at the community level and guide residents to form a healthy lifestyle is an important issue in the construction of the"Healthy City".The community living environment has a close relationship with the health of the population.Previous research have found that a good community living environment can help improve the physical and mental health of residents.As the most frequent public space for residents’daily outdoor activities,community residential courtyards play an important role in it.This research used the No.12 courtyard of Dongli Road Community in Chengdu as a prototype.Based on the theory of affordance,three types of residential courtyard space models with different environmental characteristics have been created using virtual reality technology,50 residents are recruited to participate in the VR experiment and finally obtained up to 48 valid data(23 men and 25 women,average age 47).Through the research method of combining physiological index measurement and questionnaire survey,this paper explored the differences in the intervention of the three types of environmental characteristics(A:natural rest type,B:activity type and C:natural restactivity combined type)in the community residential courtyard space on the promotion of the residents'positive emotional and physical activity two types of health availability and the influencing factors of the differences.The results show that:1)A>C>B in promoting positive emotions.Naturalness plays a positive role in promoting positive emotions of residents,among which the number of plants,plant species,and plant color richness are the main factors;appropriate amount of rest play a certain role in promoting the positive emotions of residents,among which the types of rest facilities and the number of rest facilities are the main factors.2)In terms of promoting physical activity,C>A>B.The combination of naturalness and activity has a positive effect on the promotion of residents’physical activity.Among them,the number of plants,the shade of plants and the degree of open space are the main factors.3)Category C environmental characteristics have the highest comprehensive index of health availability and are also the most preferred health transformation model for residents.Therefore,prioritizing the improvement of nature and reserving activity space when construction funds are not sufficient is a“low cost-high health benefit”transformation model.It is not recommended to set up fitness facilities in a gray space without landscape greening.Based on the theory of affordance,this article used precise quantitative methods to explore the health availability of community residential courtyard space in promoting the positive emotions and physical activities of residents,and provided a positive theoretical basis for the healthy construction of community public spaces,and also expanded the research perspectives of healthy communities and healthy cities are introduced.However,the health availability of community residential courtyard space will also involve other environmental factors,and the relationship between the factors and the mechanism of their impact on health is not yet clear.It is important to promote the health availability of the two dimensions of positive emotion and physical activity.The interrelationships have not yet been explained in depth,and more comprehensive and systematic research should be conducted.In the future,further studies can be conducted in terms of expanding the connotation of health availability and digging into the environmental interaction mechanism of health availability.