美国小学教师职前培养质量观的历史演进、学理分析及其当代启示

The Historical Evolution,Theoretical Analysis and Contemporary Enlightenment of the View on the Quality of Pre-service Training of American Elementary School Teachers

20世纪之后,美国小学教师职前培养质量观先后形成并凸显了三种样态:受西方传统经验主义哲学观影响的道德示范型质量观、受近现代技术决定论影响的技术理性型质量观和受现当代主体能动实践观影响的反思实践型质量观。在教育传统和社会变革之间,这三种样态的小学教师职前培养质量观从不同视角阐释了小学教师职前培养中的教师角色、知识基础、教育教学方式、教师教育治理等重要问题。它们是相辅相成、彼此融合和互为承继的关系。在我国,小学职前教师培养培训应注重师范生教育教学知识和技能养成,凸显师范生个体的主体性伦理情怀。同时,师范院校的小学教育目标应与国家所制定的教师专业(行业)标准相吻合、相统一,以顺应未来教育对优秀教师的专业发展需求。

Since the 20th century,three prominent forms of quality view on the pre-service training of elementary school teachers in the United States have come into being:the moral model type influenced by the traditional western empiricist philosophy,the technological and rational type influenced by the modern technological determinism and the reflective practice type influenced by the modern and contemporary practice concept of subjective initiative.Between the educational tradition and the social changes,the three forms illustrated the important issues of the pre-service training of primary school teachers including the role of teachers,the knowledge base,the educational and teaching methods as well as the governance of teacher education from different perspectives.They are mutually complementary,integrated and inherited.In our country,the pre-service training of primary school teachers should focus on the cultivation of teachers’knowledge and skills in education and teaching,and highlight the subjective ethical feelings of the individual normal students.At the same time,the goals of primary education in normal colleges should be consistent with the professional standards of teachers set by the government to meet the needs of outstanding teachers and their professional development in future education.