国外海岸带综合管理经验与启示

Foreign Experience in and Enlightenment from the Integrated Coastal Zone Management

海岸带作为海陆的交互界面,拥有丰富的自然资源和巨大的开发利用价值。但同时海岸带复杂的环境及资源过度无序的开发利用,导致其具有非常脆弱的生态系统。20世纪70年代开始,海岸带生态环境问题引起诸多沿海发达国家的关注。美国、加拿大和日本等国根据本国海岸带生态环境恶化状况和政治体制陆续开展海岸带综合管理的探索实践。经过多年的努力,已积累了非常丰富的经验和教训。通过分析这些国家的海岸带管理组织框架,海岸带立法和规划,海岸带综合管理的指标体系,以及相应的资金补助、科技合作、人才培养、制度体系等保障措施方面的经验,并对比分析他们在管理上的异同点,为我国开展海岸带综合管理提供必要的经验借鉴和参考依据。

As an interactive interface between land and sea,the coastal zone has abundant natural resources and great development and utilization value.But at the same time,the complex environment and the excessive and disorderly development and utilization of resources in the coastal zone have resulted in a very fragile ecosystem.Since the 1970 s,coastal ecological environment problems have attracted the attention of many coastal developed countries.The United States,Canada,Japan and other countries have successively carried out exploration and practice of the integrated coastal management based on the deterioration of their coastal ecological environment and political systems.After years of hard work,very rich experience and lessons have been accumulated.Through analysis of these countries′coastal zone management organizational framework,coastal zone legislation and planning,the indicator system of integrated coastal zone management,and the corresponding experience in fund subsidies,scientific and technological cooperation,personnel training,institutional systems and other safeguard measures,and comparative analysis of their similarities and differences in management,the paper provides the necessary experience and reference basis for our country′s integrated coastal zone management..