有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别及其应用

Small⁃Molecular Organic Fluorescent Probes for Formaldehyde Recognition and Applications

甲醛不仅用作工业化学品,也是调节人体生理活动的必要代谢产物。但是,人体从外环境过量的摄入甲醛或者内环境甲醛代谢的不平衡,会造成器官癌变和老年痴呆等重大疾病。有机小分子荧光探针以其高灵敏度、高选择性、可视化和原位检测等特点,使其在生物体内外甲醛检测和生物成像领域具有应用优势,同时也为实际产品中甲醛的痕量检测提供一种新方法。近五年来,甲醛荧光探针得到了快速的发展。本文主要从甲醛荧光探针的反应类型、生物体中甲醛的荧光成像以及在实际样品(商品)检测应用三个方面,介绍有机小分子荧光探针对甲醛的识别和应用。最后总结指出,不同类型的有机小分子荧光探针在不断开发、结构优化和光学性能提升及满足辅助生物医学方向长期性研究的同时,也能拓展应用范围,达到短期内对实际产品中甲醛快速(原位)检测的目的。

Formaldehyde(FA) is not only used as a basic chemical for industrial products, but also a necessary metabolite for regulating human physiological activities. However, excessive intake from the external environment or unbalanced metabolism homeostasis of the internal environment would cause critical diseases to the human body such as organ cancers, Alzheimer's disease and so on. The high sensitivity and selectivity with visualization and in-situ detection by means of small-molecular fluorescent probe, provides superiority for identification of FA and biological image in vitro and in vivo, and a new detection method for the trace detection of FA in real products as well. In the past five years, fluorescent probes of FA have developed rapidly. This article mainly reviews the research progress of fluorescent probes for FA recognition and applications, including the general reaction mechanisms and the applications in organisms and samples with commercial products. It is concluded that the small molecular fluorescent probes should be continuously improved in structures and optical characteristics to not only assist long-term research in biomedicine, but also lead to the achievable goals of fast(in situ) detecting FA in practice from actual products.