重塑民众:国民政府教育部《三民主义千字课》的编制与应用

Reshape the Public:Compilation and Application of Thousand-character Lesson for the Three People’s Principles by the Education Ministry of the Kuomintang Government

国民党建立全国性政权并宣布进入训政时期后,中央党部与国民政府自编识字课本,即成甲种(成人用)、乙种(儿童用)、丙种(乡村用)三种《三民主义千字课》,以识字教育为切入口,教导民众具备识字读文及三民主义、国家观念、国民道德、生活常识等方面的基本知识,进而统一民众的思想和认知,控制民众、运用民众,将离散的民众聚为国家建设的稳固基石。具体灌输方法,分为两条路径:一方面让民众认识日常生活中常用的以及了解党义必备的汉字,另一方面通过课文内容直接教育。然而,效果并不尽如人意。随着国难益深,官方改变了工作的重心与方法,《三民主义千字课》渐渐退出历史舞台。

After the Kuomintang(KMT)established the national power and declared to enter the period of guided democracy,the Central Party Department and the Kuomintang government independently complied three types of literacy textbooks:A(for adults),B(for children),and C(for villagers),to teach the people to grasp the basic skills of literacy and the basic knowledge of the three Principles of the People,the concept of state,the national ethics,the common sense of life,etc.through the literacy education,so as to unify the people’s thoughts and cognition,control the people,use the people,and gather the scattered people together to form a solid foundation for the cause of the Founding of A Republic.There were two specific indoctrination methods:First,to teach the people the Chinese characters commonly used in daily life and essential for understanding the party platform of KMT;second,to educate the people directly through the teaching of the content of the textbook.However,the results didn’t come as expected.As the national calamity deepened,the government changed its priorities and methods,and Thousand-character Lesson for the Three People’s Principles thus gradually stepped down from the stage of history.