抗战后川康区盐运失吉溢领运费的收免之争

Controversy over the Collection and Exemption of Overpaid Freight of Salt Transport in Sichuan Province and Xikang Province after the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

抗战后,1946年盐政总局以两道通令的形式规定了商运官盐受损运费的支付办法,随后川康盐务管理局对此办法做了跟进,规定运费的取偿,应自起运地点计算至损失地点为止;其损失地点至到达地点之运费,应予提收归公,并饬令辖下的各地船户(承运商)遵从。这引起了船户、船业公会及盐运组织的极大反弹,他们纷纷上书,或鼓动当地的盐务局向上反映其诉求,呼吁豁免失吉溢领运费。其中川康盐务管理局迫于呼声,在政策上出现过一时的松动,但在请示盐政总局之后,因盐政总局“碍难收回成命”而作罢。这一事例,从侧面反映了国民政府在政权崩溃前的最后几年,局限于维护官方的利益,对于基层民意置若罔闻,公会等行业组织的呼声很难影响官方的决定,从中也表露出国民党政权危机的迹象。

In 1946,General Salt Administration stipulated the payment method of the freight for damaged salt in commercial transport in the form of two general orders.Later,Sichuan and Xikang Salt Administration followed up the payment method.Namely,the compensation for freight should be calculated from the place of departure to the place of loss;The freight from the place of loss to the place of arrival should be collected and returned to the public.Besides,all shipowners(carriers)under the jurisdiction of the order were required to comply with the order,which caused great response of ship-owners,ship industry association and salt transport organization.As a result,they submitted petitions or aroused the local salt administration to reflect their demands for the exemption of overpaid freight caused by accidents.In response to the public appeal,Sichuan and Xikang Salt Administration had a temporary relaxation in policy,but after asking the General Salt Administration for instructions,it finally gave up as the General Salt Administration replied“it’s hard to retract an order”.This case reflects that in the last few years before the collapse of Kuomintang Government,the government ignored the opinions of the grassroots and merely safeguarded official interests.Moreover,calls from industry organizations such as unions could hardly influence official decisions,which also reveal the signs of the collapse of Kuomintang Government.