胫骨平台后方骨折的形态学研究及其治疗进展

Progress in morphological study and treatment of posterior tibial plateau fracture

胫骨平台后方骨折是一种比较特殊的胫骨平台骨折类型,也是创伤骨科治疗难点和热点之一。本文回顾有关该类型骨折的损伤机制、分型、形态学特点、手术入路以及固定方式的文献,进行归纳分析,得出以下结论:①膝关节屈曲位时受到轴向、内翻或外翻暴力常常是引起胫骨平台后方骨折的原因;②胫骨平台后方骨折是一种接近冠状面的垂直骨折模式,后方支撑钢板在保证生物力学稳定方面可能效果更好;③而手术入路和固定方式的选择,取决于具体的骨折形态学特点、手术入路自身优缺点等多种因素。因此,准确认识胫骨平台后方骨折的损伤机制、形态学特点及手术入路等,有助于临床治疗方案的科学选择。

Posterior tibial plateau fracture(PTPF)is a special type of tibial plateau fracture,and it is also one of the difficulties and hotspots in orthopedic trauma treatment.This paper reviews the literature about the injury mechanism,classification,morphological characteristic,surgical approach and fixation of this type of fracture,and draws the following conclusions:①Usually,PTPF is due to axial,varus or valgus violence in flexion position of the knee joint.②PTPF is a vertical fracture pattern close to the coronal plane,so the posterior supporting plate may be more effective in ensuring biomechanical stability.③And the choice of surgical approach and fixation depends on multiple factors,such as the specific morphological characteristics of fracture,the advantages and disadvantages of surgical approach and so on.Therefore,an accurate understanding of the injury mechanism,morphological characteristic and surgical approach of PTPF is helpful to the wise choice of clinical treatment.