晚清中墨托雷翁侨案交涉

The China-Mexico Negotiation on Torreon Case at the Late Qing Dynasty

清朝末叶,大批中国侨胞流往地广人稀、正待开发的墨西哥、巴拿马、秘鲁、古巴、加勒比等国家和地区充作苦工,接替获得解放的黑奴,抑或经营小本生意,创基立业。其时美洲排华风气无远弗届,美国最先开始,其他各国则争相效尤,引发一系列严重的暴力排华事件,华民被当地人视作肉中刺,备遭凌虐,受害颇深,特别是当政府参与主导排华法案时,对华人的排斥、殴辱、驱逐更加严重,一向正常、友好的中国与美洲各国的关系受到极大损害。

At the beginning of the 20 th century,the rising and diffusion of Mexican racialism,statism,nationalism and other ideological trends caused a series of violent Chinese exclusion events in which the overseas Chinese who ran business in Mexico suffered severe life and property losses.Until the period of Mexican Revolution,overseas Chinese was subjected to much worse losses,especially in the Torreon Case.After the massacre,with firm attitude and active action,Qing Government lodged a strong protest to Mexican Government immediately,proceeded necessary negotiations timely,and even dispatched warship for deterrence.After times of negotiations,Mexican Government was forced to apologize to Qing Government,arrest and punish murderer,comfort overseas Chinese and compensate their losses.It was rare and commendable for Qing Government to gain such achievements under the domestic and overseas conditions at that time and thus raised great concerns across Latin American countries.