阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者神经认知功能损伤的磁共振成像研究进展

Research Progress of MRI in OSAHS Patients with Neurocognitive Impairment

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种睡眠呼吸紊乱性疾病,可导致大脑间歇性缺氧、频繁微觉醒及睡眠片段化,从而引起记忆力减退、注意力不集中、执行功能下降等神经认知功能损伤,严重影响患者的生活质量。磁共振成像(MRI)技术是活体状态下研究OSAHS患者神经认知功能损伤的有效手段,可通过基于体素的形态学测量、基于纤维束示踪的扩散张量成像等探究患者脑结构的改变、通过功能MRI探究患者脑功能的改变或通过磁共振波谱分析探究患者脑代谢的改变等。因此,深入研究OSAHS患者的MRI对寻找神经认知功能损伤的早期生物学标志、评估疾病的严重程度和疗效均具有积极意义。

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a sleep-related breathing disorder,which can lead to intermittent cerebral hypoxia,frequent microarousal,sleep fragmentation,causing neurocognitive impairment such as memory loss,poor concentration and decline of executive function,and seriously affect the quality of life of the patients.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an effective means to study the neurocognitive impairment of OSAHS patients in vivo.For example,voxel-based morphometry and fiber-bundle-based diffusion tensor imaging can explore the brain structure changes of the patients,functional magnetic resonance imaging can explore the changes of brain function,and the changes of brain metabolism can be explored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Therefore,MRI studies are of positive significance for seeking early biological markers of neurocognitive impairment in OSAHS patients,and assessing the severity and clinical efficacy of the disease.