前列腺癌患者的营养治疗专家共识

Expert opinion on nutritional treatment for patients with prostate cancer

近年来前列腺癌的发病率快速上升,在世界范围内,前列腺癌发病率在男性所有恶性肿瘤中排名第二。随着人口老龄化和饮食结构的变化,我国前列腺癌发病率近年来也迅速上升。前列腺癌患者在治疗期间一般均可经口摄食,因此目前对前列腺癌患者营养治疗的报道较少。但前列腺癌患者在长时间治疗过程中会出现各种相关不良反应,需要通过饮食营养调节来进行改善,因此很有必要对处于不同治疗阶段的前列腺癌患者进行营养风险筛查和营养评估,从中筛选出存在营养风险和营养不良的患者进行合理的、针对性的营养治疗。前列腺癌饮食营养治疗:①高脂肪摄入与前列腺癌的发病风险呈正相关性;②全素食有助于降低罹患前列腺癌的风险;③保持健康体重和规律的体育锻炼可能有助于前列腺癌的预防和治疗;④高脂牛奶摄入量的增加可能会升高前列腺癌患者肿瘤特异性死亡率;⑤维生素和矿物质对前列腺癌的预防和治疗有无作用存在争议;⑥增加富含番茄红素、茶多酚的食物对降低前列腺癌发病风险有益;⑦饮食和营养治疗有助于减轻存活肿瘤患者的特异性疲乏程度。

The incidence of prostate cancer has increased rapidly in recent years.In the world,the incidence of prostate cancer ranks second among all malignant tumors in men.With the aging of the population and the change of diet,the incidence of prostate cancer in China has increased rapidly in recent years.Patients with prostate cancer can generally be ingested by mouth during treatment,so there are few reports on nutritional treatment of patients with prostate cancer.However,patients with prostate cancer will have a variety of related adverse reactions in the course of long⁃term treatment,which need to be improved through dietary nutrition regulation.Therefore,it is necessary to screen and evaluate the nutritional risk of prostate cancer patients at different stages of treatment,and select the patients with nutritional risk and malnutrition for reasonable and targeted nutritional treatment.Dietary nutrition therapy for prostate cancer:①high fat intake is positively correlated with the risk of prostate cancer;②a vegan diet helps to reduce the risk of prostate cancer;③maintaining a healthy weight and regular physical exercise may contribute to the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer;④the increase of high⁃fat milk intake may increase tumor⁃specific mortality in patients with prostate cancer;⑤it is controversial whether vitamins and minerals play a role in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer;⑥increasing foods rich in lycopene and tea polyphenols is beneficial to reduce the risk of prostate cancer;⑦diet and nutritional therapy can help to reduce the degree of CRF in patients with surviving tumors.