摘要
针对色素辣椒采收需求大,人工采收困难,采收效率低,破损率高等问题,该研究设计了一种双螺旋对辊式辣椒收获装置。首先通过对辣椒与螺旋钢棒接触点进行受力分析,确定影响采收性能的主要因素,并通过单因素试验确定优化试验中各因素选取范围。并以打完脱叶剂2 d后,辣椒茎秆含水率≤40%的新疆巴州焉耆县色素辣椒为试验对象,以采净率和破损率为试验指标,以工作速度、对辊转速、对辊间距和对辊螺距为试验因素,进行四因素五水平正交中心组合优化试验;运用Design-expert 10软件对试验结果进行参数优化,通过验证试验对优化后的参数进行验证。试验结果表明:当工作速度为2.1 km/h,对辊转速为142 r/min,对辊间距为24.3 mm,对辊螺距为10 cm时,采净率为98.7%,破损率为3.46%,满足色素辣椒收获机田间作业要求。研究结果可为色素辣椒收获机的设计和优化提供参考。
Pigment pepper is a highly valued plant containing natural pigments,such as capsanthin and chili Rubin.Pepper production has been one of the largest vegetable industries in China.The total area of pepper planting in Xinjiang in 2018 was about 120000 hm2,of which pigment pepper was about 106000 hm2.Therefore,the output is likely to be reduced,if the pigmented pepper cannot be harvested in time by hand.It is highly urgent for the efficient and mechanized harvesting of pepper at present.Two types of pepper harvesting machinery included the comb tooth and spiral roller type.In the comb tooth type,an alternative comb tooth roller is placed horizontally to comb and pull pepper.This structure presents a high harvesting speed and high efficiency,but a high impurity rate was found in the pepper after harvesting,while it is easy to cause damage to the pepper.In the spiral roller type,two high-speed rotating spiral rollers generate a toggle force for pepper harvesting.This structure reduces the damage and impurity rate of peppers,but the harvesting efficiency is lower than that of comb tooth type.In this study,a new roller-type pepper harvesting device with a double helix pattern was designed for a higher harvesting efficiency,while low damage rate,thereby meeting the large production demand for pigmented peppers.The stress of pepper at the contact point of the spiral steel bar was also analyzed to determine the main factors of harvesting performance.The pigment pepper in Yanqi County of Xinjiang was used as the test object,where the moisture content was less than 40%after two days of being beaten with defoliant.A single factor test was carried out to explore the effect of each factor on the harvest performance,further to determine the significance range of influencing factors.A four-factor five-level orthogonal optimization was then conducted,where the removal and damage rates were taken as the experimental indexes,whereas,the working speed,roller speed,gap,and pitch as the experimental factors.A regression equation of each factor was achieved on the removal and damage rate,the primary and secondary order of influencing factors,as well as the interaction of each factor.The surface graph was analyzed to obtain the interaction of various factors.Design-expert 10 software was used to optimize the parameters,and the resulting parameters were then verified via the verification test.Optimal performance was achieved,when the working speed was 2.1 km/h,the roller speed was 142 r/min,the roller distance was 24.3 mm,and the roller pitch was 10 cm.A combination of parameters was that the removal rate was 98.7%,and the damage rate was 3.46%,meeting the field operation requirements of a pigment pepper harvester.This finding can provide a sound reference to design and optimize the pigmented pepper harvester.
作者
袁小伟
杨双平
金若成
赵黎炜
道尔吉才仁
郑楠
付温平
Yuan Xiaowei;Yang Shuangping;Jin Ruocheng;Zhao Liwei;Dao Erjicairen;Zheng Nan;Fu Wenping(Bayinguoleng Vocational and Technical College,Korla 841000,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Development Center of Agricultural and Rural Mechanization,Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,Korla 841000,China;Korla Yuanfeng Agricultural Machinery Co.Ltd,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第15期1-9,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区“天山青年计划”项目(2019Q136)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金基层项目(2021D01F30)。
关键词
农业机械
设计
试验
辣椒收获
螺旋对辊
agricultural machinery
design
experiments
pepper harvesting
helix pair roller