政策绩效是如何弱化的:多主体互动均衡下的乡镇政策执行研究——以X村的退耕还林政策为例

How Does Policy Performance Weaken:Research on the Implementation of Township Policies Under the Balance of Multi-Agent Interaction--Taking the Policy of Returning Farmland to Forests in X Village as an Example

政策执行是将政策目标转化为现实的必经之路。由于乡镇政策执行的好坏优劣直接影响政策绩效,关切农民福祉,而乡镇政策执行又涉及多元主体的互动均衡逻辑,因而从多元主体互动均衡的视角剖析乡镇政策执行如何导致了政策绩效弱化具有一定的新颖性和独特性。以一项全国性的退耕还林政策为例,借助相关主体的口述回忆,在多主体互动均衡视角下通过长时段的考察揭示了乡镇政策执行导致政策绩效弱化的机理。政策绩效随时间推移不断弱化的原因在于政策初期私利逻辑与公益逻辑所达成的互动均衡是短暂的表面均衡,后期私利逻辑弊病的败露及退耕还林政策与其他农业政策的叠加比较,导致农民产生相对剥夺感,乡镇和村委的消极态度进一步加剧了农民边际损失与政府回应缺位之间的张力,造成了多主体互动困顿。唯有在满足个体基本生存需求的基础上,谋求国家宏观制度政策背景下的自主合作治理,达成各主体长期自主动态均衡,才有可能实现良好持久的政策绩效。

For the implementation of policy,it is the necessary way to transform the objectives of policy into reality.The quality of township policy implementation will bring direct influence on policy performance,which is also related to farmers’well-being.While in terms of the township policy implementation,it also involves the interactive and balanced logic of multiple subjects.Therefore,the analysis on how township policy implementation causes the weakening of policy performance from the perspective of balanced multi-subject interaction is novel and unique.In this thesis,it takes the national policy of returning farmland to forest as an example,which also takes the oral memories of relevant subjects as the basis.From the perspective of balanced multi-subject interaction,it reveals the mechanism of weakening policy performance caused by township policy implementation through the long-term observation.As for the reason of the weakening of policy performance with the passing of time,it lies in the fact that the interactive balance reached at the initial stage of the policy based on the appropriateness of private interest logic and public welfare logic is a short superficial balance.Then,it causes farmers to have a sense of relative deprivation with the disclosure of the disadvantages of private interest logic and its superposition and comparison with other agricultural policies.Under the negative attitude of township and village committees,it has further exacerbated the tension between farmers’marginal loss and the absence of government response,which has led to the dilemma of multi-subject interaction.As a result,we can realize good and sustainable policy performance only on the basis of satisfying the basic survival needs of individuals,seeking independent and cooperative governance in the context of national macro system and policy,and reaching the long-term independent dynamic balance of each subject.