固体推进剂氧化剂的共晶改性研究进展

Research progress of co-crystal modification ofsolid propellant oxidants

高能量密度的六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)、氧平衡优异的高氯酸铵(AP)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)等,用作氧化剂可提高固体推进剂能量、氧平衡等性能,具有良好的应用潜力。由于CL-20存在机械感度高和低氧平衡等问题,AP和ADN存在易吸湿和低能量等缺点,针对CL-20、AP、ADN等氧化剂进行共晶改性成为提升固体推进剂能量、安全等性能的重要途径。根据固体推进剂对氧化剂的性能要求,分析了各种氧化剂应用在推进剂配方中存在的性能优势和不足。综述了近年来CL-20、ADN等氧化剂在机械感度、吸湿性、氧平衡等方面的共晶改性情况,总结了当前已报道的共晶氧化剂相比原材料出现的性能优缺点和在制备与应用过程中存在的问题,展望了未来固体推进剂用氧化剂共晶改性的发展方向与应用前景。

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)with high energy density,ammonium perchlorate(AP)and ammonium dinitramide(ADN)with excellent oxygen balance can be used as oxidants to improve the energy and oxygen balance of solid propellants,and shows great application potential.Owing to the problems of high mechanical sensitivity and low oxygen balance in CL-20,and the disadvantages of hygroscopicity and low energy of AP and ADN,co-crystal modification for oxidants such as CL-20,AP and ADN are important ways to enhance the energy and safety performance of solid propellants.According to the requirements of solid propellant for oxidants,the performance advantages and disadvantages of various oxidants used in propellant formulations were analyzed.The co-crystal modification circumstances of CL-20 and other oxidants in recent years in terms of mechanical sensitivity,hygroscopicity and oxygen balance were reviewed.The performance advantages and disadvantages of the reported co-crystal oxidants compared with raw materials and the existing problems in the process of preparation and application were summarized.The future development direction and application prospects of co-crystal modification of solid propellants with oxidants were also proposed.