不同基肥追肥比例对膜下移栽烟烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Different Proportions of Basal Fertilizer and Dressing Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco Under Membrane Transplanting

为探索适合云南大理州剑川县弥沙乡烤烟膜下小苗移栽的最佳基追肥配比和施肥技术,本研究通过田间小区试验比较了5种不同基追肥配比(基肥:追肥分别为5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,10∶0)对红花大金元烟叶产量和质量的影响.结果表明,基肥充足的处理,前期烟株生长迅速,生育期缩短、抗病性降低;追肥充足的处理后期生长迅速,叶片生长繁茂,但由于追肥过于充足,容易引起烟叶晚熟、抗病性降低,延长生育期,降低烟叶质量.该烤烟区不同比例基追肥处理的红花大金元产量和产值差异显著,尤其是7∶3的基肥和追肥配比处理后,上等烟比例和产量最高,是该烟区最佳基追肥比例.

In order to explore the best base fertilization/topdressing ratio for flue-cured tobacco seedling transplanting under film mulch in Misha Township,Jichuan County,Dali Prefecture,Yunnan province,the effects of five different base fertilizer/topdressing ratios(5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2 and 10∶0)on the yield and quality of tobacco variety“Hongda”were compared through a field plot experiment.The results showed that with sufficient basal fertilizer,tobacco plants grew rapidly in the early growth stage,the duration of the whole growth period was shortened and their disease resistance was decreased.With sufficient top-dressing fertilizer,tobacco plants grew rapidly with luxuriant leaf growth in the late growth stage,but excessive top-dressing fertilizer was likely to cause late ripening of tobacco leaves,reduce disease resistance,extend the growth period and deteriorate the quality of tobacco leaves.The yield and output value of Hongda were significantly different with different ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing in the flue-cured tobacco area,especially when the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing was 7∶3,the ratio of prime tobacco and yield were the highest,which was the best ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing in this tobacco-growing area.