休闲 健康 审美:马斯洛《科学心理学》的三个关键词

Leisure,Health and Aesthetics:Three Key Words in The Psychology of Science by Maslow

马斯洛呼吁对无动机行为的重视,实质上是在促使学界关注休闲活动的意义和价值,将其作为矫正异化现象的策略。为反对工具性压倒终极体验的实用主义文化,他区分了“表现性”和“应对性”行为,而后者在本质上就是休闲行为。马斯洛认为动机过强导致狭隘乃至病态的人生,而较少注意用途、目的才是积极、健康、对人体有益的心态;他还认为,心理学研究应关注无实用性和无目标性的审美体验。在他的理论语境中,审美与休闲相关、相通,休闲的高级形式就是艺术表现和审美表现。马斯洛还有一些言论,广泛涉及休闲与人格、休闲与自我实现和休闲伦理问题。以上观点,可以认为是休闲学基本理论的先声或共鸣,对当前的休闲文化建设具有积极意义。

Maslow calls for the attention to the non-motivation behavior,which is essentially to promote the academia to pay attention to the significance and value of leisure activities,and take it as a strategy to correct alienation.In order to oppose the pragmatism culture of tool overwhelming ultimate experience,Maslow distinguishes“expressive”behavior from“responsive”behavior,and the latter belongs to leisure behavior by nature.He believes that too strong motivation leads to narrow and even sick life,and less attention to use and purpose is a positive and healthy mentality,which is beneficial to human body.He also believes that psychological research should focus on aesthetic experience without practicality and goal.In his theoretical context,aesthetics is related to leisure.,and its advanced form is artistic and aesthetic expression.Some of his comments are widely related to leisure and personality,leisure and self-realization,and leisure ethics.The above views can be regarded as the prelude or resonance of the basic theory of leisure study,exerting positive influence on the current leisure culture construction.