元杂剧“驾头”新考

An Exploration of “Jiatou” in Yuan-era Zaju

关于元杂剧的"驾头",以往学界普遍认为它是表现帝王作品的一种杂剧题材,即"驾头杂剧"。然而如果全面考察史料中有关"驾头"的记载,可知"驾头"是否为代指帝王杂剧的题材,是有疑问的;是否存在"驾头杂剧"这一专称,也是值得商榷的。通过考辨有关"驾头"的记载,推断"驾头"很可能是一种近似于宋杂剧引戏的表演形式。它由名角在杂剧演出前进行舞蹈等才艺表演,从而起到引戏的功能。

It was generally believed by academics that the"Jiatou"of Yuan-era Zaju was designed to eulogize rulers.However,a comprehensive examination of historical records shows it is doubtful whether"Jiatou"was used for the purpose.In fact,whether there existed jiatou zaju is open to discussion.A textual research on the records of"Jiatou"reveals that it should have been a form of performance featuring dancing,similar to the introduction to operas in Song Dynasty,performed by drama celebrities before the formal Zaju performance began.