“负价格”的经济学解释

An Economic Explanation of “Negative Price”

具有供给刚性与需求弹性的商品,在面临短期需求急剧减少时存在左右为难的"关门点"决策,超出市场需求的过剩产品带有巨大的"负内部性",使得产品由过去对生产者有利的"正价值"转变为对生产者不利的"负价值","负价格"由此产生。本质上,"负价格"是生产者在关门点"两难选择"上为了抵消"负内部性"、维持刚性供给与弹性需求的平衡而付出的一种交易成本,是生产者权衡利弊后理性选择的最优决策。研究进一步丰富了经济学中的"停止营业点"理论。

Commodities with supply rigidity and demand elasticity will face a dilemma of"closed"decisions when short-term demand decreases sharply.Surplus commodities exceeding market demand are of huge"negative internality",causing their"positive value"occurring when they are profitable to manufacturers to"negative value"when they are loss-making to manufacturers.In essence,"negative price"is a kind of transaction cost paid by producers in order to offset"negative internality"and maintain the balance between rigid supply and elastic demand at the"dilemma"closing point.It is the optimal decision made by producers after weighing the advantages and disadvantages.This study further enriches the"cease-of-business"theory in economics.