大城市制造业企业空间扩张模式及其对企业效率的影响——以北京市上市企业为例

Spatial expansion mode of manufacturing firms in big cities and its impact on firm efficiency:A case study of Beijing listed firms

企业空间扩张对企业效率与区域协调发展具有重要意义。论文基于2009—2018年北京市制造业上市企业及其子公司微观数据,通过子公司空间分布变化分析了企业空间扩张模式,并分析了扩张带来的企业总部与子公司之间距离的变化,进一步采用动态面板计量方法,实证检验了总部与子公司之间地理距离与经济距离的变化对不同扩张模式的制造业企业效率的影响。研究发现:①在样本期内,北京市制造业上市企业扩张规模较大,空间扩张模式由等级扩散转变为等级扩散与接触扩散相结合,且以接触扩散为主;总部与子公司之间的地理距离呈上升趋势,经济距离先下降后上升。其中,技术密集型企业与非国有企业倾向于等级扩散,非技术密集型企业与国有企业倾向于接触扩散。②对以接触扩散为主要扩张模式的企业来说,总部与子公司之间的地理距离与企业效率负相关,而以等级扩散为主要扩张模式的企业效率受地理距离影响不显著。③无论企业扩张模式如何,总部与子公司之间的经济距离均与企业效率正相关。因此,不同类型的制造业企业应选择不同的扩张策略。

Firms spatial expansion is of great significance to enterprise efficiency and regional coordinated development. Based on the data of listed manufacturing firms in Beijing and their subsidiaries from 2009 to 2018, this study examined the enterprise spatial expansion model through the changes of spatial distribution of subsidiaries, and analyzed the change of the distance between headquarters and subsidiaries brought by expansion. Furthermore, the dynamic panel measurement method was used to empirically test the impact of the change of geographical distance and economic distance between headquarters and subsidiaries on the efficiency of manufacturing enterprises with different expansion modes. The study found that: First, during the study period, the scale of expansion of the sample listed manufacturing firms in Beijing was relatively large, and the spatial expansion mode has changed from hierarchical diffusion to a combination of hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion, with contagious diffusion as the dominant mode. The geographical distance between headquarters and subsidiaries showed an upward trend, and the economic distance first decreased and then increased. Among these firms, technology-intensive firms and non-state-owned firms tend to experience hierarchical diffusion, while non-technology-intensive firms and state-owned firms tend to undergo contagious diffusion. Second, for the firms with contagious diffusion as the main expansion mode, geographical distance between headquarters and subsidiaries was negatively correlated with firm efficiency, but the efficiency of firms that did not take contagious diffusion as the main mode of expansion was not affected by geographical distance.Third, regardless of firm expansion mode, economic distance between headquarters and subsidiaries was positively correlated with firm efficiency. Therefore, different types of manufacturing firms should choose different expansion strategies.