基于专利分析的自动驾驶汽车技术发展动态与竞争态势研究

Study on the Development Trend and Competition Situation of Autonomous Vehicle Based on Patent Analysis

自动驾驶汽车正在引领交通领域的技术范式转变,主要发达国家纷纷将其列为下一阶段优先发展的重点领域。深入分析自动驾驶汽车技术发展趋势,从多个层次和维度探究其竞争态势,可以为产业政策和企业战略制定提供理论指导和决策支持。基于德温特创新索引的专利数据,分别从整体发展态势、主要竞争国家和主要专利权人3个层面对该领域的技术竞争态势进行探索。发现全球自动驾驶汽车技术正处于快速成长期,美、中、德、日、韩等国都非常重视在自动驾驶领域的专利布局,中国的自动驾驶技术专利申请活跃,但总体质量偏低、产业核心竞争力不强;在企业层面上,主要专利权人经历了以日本企业为主向美、欧企业为主,以汽车企业为主向汽车企业与科技公司共同主导的转变,整体而言中国的企业普遍处于后发追赶状态。基于上述判断,从产业和企业两个层面为中国自动驾驶技术发展提出了对策建议。

Autonomous vehicle is leading a new paradigm shift in the transportation field,and major developed countries have listed it as the priority areas for the next stage of development.In-depth analysis of the development trend of autonomous vehicle technology and exploring its competitive situation from multiple levels and dimensions can provide theoretical guidance and decision-making support for the formulation of industrial policies and corporate strategies.Based on the patent data of Derwent innovation index,the technology competition situation in this field was explored from three aspects:the overall development trend,the main competitive countries and the main patentees.The global autonomous vehicle technology is experiencing a period of rapid growth.The United States,China,Germany,Japan,South Korea all make many efforts in the development of autonomous driving patents.China’s autonomous driving technology patent applications are active,but the overall patent quality is low and the industry still lacks core competence.At the corporate level,the main patentees have shifted from Japanese companies to American and European companies,and from auto companies to auto companies and technology companies.Generally speaking,Chinese companies are in a state of technological catching up.Based on the above judgments,countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward for the development of autonomous driving technology from two both industry level and enterprise level.