矿山废弃地生态修复技术研究

Research on ecological restoration technology of abandoned lands of mines

随着经济社会的不断发展,矿产资源开采引起的生态问题日益严重,生态破坏不仅危及人类的生存与健康,还会影响到地域生态经济的可持续发展,因此,矿山废弃地生态修复研究逐渐引起人们的重视。本文简要介绍了矿山废弃地及其类型,分析了国内外矿山生态修复技术的研究现状,重点简述了表土覆盖法、物理化学基质改良法、生物改良法以及人工基质改良法等常见的矿山废弃地生态修复技术。其中,生物改良技术是一种绿色修复技术,涵盖了生态系统中植物、土壤动物和微生物三个重要组成成分,具有较好的应用前景。本文指出应根据矿山废弃地的实际情况,以恢复生态学理论作为指导,结合各类技术的优缺点,扬长避短,实现生态修复技术的综合利用,这是实现矿山废弃地生态修复的有效途径。

With the continuous development of economy and society,the ecological problems caused by the exploitation of mineral resources are becoming more and more serious.Ecological destruction not only endangers the survival and health of human beings,but also affects the sustainable development of regional ecological economy;the research on the ecological restoration of mine wasteland has gradually attracted people's attention.This paper briefly introduces the mine waste land and its types,and analyzes the research status of mine ecological restoration technology at home and abroad,such as surface soil covering method,physical chemistry method,biological improvement method and artificial substrate improvement method,and etc.Among them,bioremediation technology is a kind of green remediation technology,which covers three important components of plant,soil animal and microorganism in ecosystem,and has a good application prospect.This paper points out that the comprehensive utilization of ecological restoration technology should be realized according to the actual situation of mine wasteland,under the guidance of Restoration Ecology theory and combining the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies,this is an effective way to realize the ecological rehabilitation of abandoned mine land.