国家管辖范围以外区域划区管理工具的分类发展评析

Classification and development of Area-Based Management Tools in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

随着人类活动不断向深远海拓展,国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)受到严重威胁。为养护和可持续利用BBNJ,联合国大会正在《联合国海洋法公约》框架下,就BBNJ养护和可持续利用,拟定一份具有法律约束力的国际协定,划区管理工具即其中一项重要议题。本文通过比较分析现有划区管理工具之法律依据、选划原则、管理措施及存在的不足等方面,提出国家管辖范围以外区域划区管理工具的制定需要全球化的法律框架、有效的监测与执法机制、数据获取交换机制和国际合作等建议。

With the continuous extension of human activities to deep sea,marine ecological environment and biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction are under great threat.In order to protect the marine environment and biodiversity,the United Nations General Assembly intends to develop a legally binding legal instrument,to conserve marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction.Area-based management tools(ABMTs)is an important issue in this negotiation.This paper reviews the legal basis,selection principle,management measures and shortcomings of existing ABMTs,and puts forward some suggestions for the development of ABMTs in areas beyond national jurisdiction,including develop a legal framework of globalization,establish an effective monitoring and law enforcement mechanism,build an exchange mechanism for data acquisition and international cooperation.