“双万计划”与“双一流”建设的政策接力研究

From the “Double First Class Initiative” to the “Double 10000 Plan”:Dynamics of Higher Education Policy in China

"双一流"建设是中国高等教育的引领性工程,具有鲜明的示范效应,然而,其实施过程蕴含一定内在风险,体现在:择优选能逻辑加剧"马太效应";追赶世界一流模式不利于高校特色发展;片面追求学科卓越造成"重科研轻教学"现象。"双万计划"的推出,与"双一流"建设形成政策接力,体现在推动高校分类发展、引导高校凸显特色、强化高校育人功能等方面。这一政策接力的局限体现在:技术的拆解性带来高校价值理性的弱化;项目的时限性导致高校改革的系统性不足;任务的专项性强化高校内部治理的碎片化。要超越以上局限,关键在于强化高校的主体地位,推动高校面向社会办学;改革教育评价机制,重构高等教育项目制治理;注重理念的更新,提高高校的内部治理能力。

In 2017,China launched the"Double First Class initiative",targeting at developing selected universities and departments into world-class universities and academic disciplines. Such an ambitious project can help improve China’s competitiveness in higher education,but at the same time,its meritocratic ideology will bring certain negative impacts,such as,amplified Matthew effect in science funding,decreased institutional diversity within higher education systems,as well as intensified conflicts between teaching and research. To promote quality teaching and institutional diversity,China later implemented the"Double 10000 Plan"in 2019,aiming to build 10000 nationally recognized and 10000 provincially recognized first-class undergraduate programs. Nevertheless,the new plan is still imperfect. It has failed to see the forest for the trees and mistaken the means for the end by focusing merely on the micro-aspects,short-term effects and technical details of higher education reform. To remedy the situation,it is necessary to 1) update our understanding about the changing nature and role of higher education;2) safeguard academic autonomy of higher education institutions so as to make them more flexible and responsive,and 3) reform our education evaluation system and implement program governance in colleges and universities.