北魏比丘尼墓志中女性形象的书写策略

Writing Strategies of Female Images in the Epitaphs of the Nuns in the Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏时期的比丘尼墓志是佛教文化与女性书写相结合的产物,墓志中所呈现的比丘尼这一佛教女性形象体现了创作主体匠心独运的书写策略:其一是进行形象虚构,它包含文学性虚构以及社会心理化虚构;其二是身份差异下的多元想象,书写者的身份决定了主体个性化视角的认知与想象;其三是充分契合墓志的文体特征来建构其女性形象。外来的佛教文化既改变了当时女性群体的活动空间与生活方式,也不断加强自身对中国固有文化传统的适应性。

The epitaph of the nuns in the Northern Wei Dynasty is the product of the combination of Buddhist culture and female writing.The Buddhist female image of the nuns presented in the epitaph reflects the writers’ingenious writing strategy.First,they made up the image,which included literary fiction and Social Psychological fiction;second,there were multiple imaginations because of the identity difference,the writer’s identity determined the cognition and imagination of their personalized perspective;third,they made full use of the stylistic characteristics of the epitaph to build the female image.The foreign Buddhist culture only changed the activity space and life style of the female group at that time,but also constantly strengthened their adaptability to the inherent Chinese cultural tradition.