写物图貌,蔚似雕画——论汉赋“体物”的精神

Writing about Things Is Like Carving and Painting——on the Spirit of Han Fu’s "Physical Objects"

汉代整个思想文化界对"物"有了新的认识,"天人合一"的宇宙图式和结构中,物和物、物和人之间存在着相互感应的关系,大大推进了汉代人对于身边物的运动、现象以及表征的精微观察,发展了一种属引相续的联想和类推的思维。赋作家在赋作中注入了"体物的精神",以三种特别的方式纂组成文:摹物通过汉字的声形之美极尽刻画物的形貌;感物以"五行""阴阳"等特殊的描叙方法使物也具有了生命性德;类物是一种以物象作为语料所进行的语言复制,为汉赋的语言生产制造动力。这种"体物"的精神成就了汉赋巨丽宏伟的气势,华美炫丽的语言和与天地参的精神。

The entire Han Dynasty ideology and culture had a new understanding of"thing".The"unity of heaven and man"in the cosmic schema and structure,the relationship between things and things,and between things and people,had greatly advanced the people’s subtle observation of the movements,phenomena,and representations of things around them in the Han Dynasty,and developed a kind of association and analogical thinking.Therefore,the Han Fu writers injected the"spirit of physical objects"into their Fu and compiled the text in three special ways:copying objects through the beauty of the sound and shape of Chinese characters;sensing objects by special description methods such as"five elements"and"yin and yang"to make objects also have the virtue of life.The"thing"is a kind of linguistic reproduction using the object as the corpus,creating the impetus for the linguistic production of Han Fu.This spirit of"physical objects"has contributed to the magnificent grandeur,beautiful language and spirit of participation with heaven and earth of Han Fu.