网络主权原则的法理宣示与实践运用——再论网络间谍活动的国际法规制

The Jurisprudence and Practical Application of the Principle of Cyber Sovereignty:Further Thoughts on International Legal Regulation of Cyber Espionage

网络间谍国际法规制已成为当前网络空间建章立制中的一个焦点问题,围绕这一问题的大国博弈不断升温。美国出于维护自身网络霸权的目的,持续在国际法层面推动网络政治间谍和网络经济间谍的“两分法”,主张前者不违反国际法,而后者应受国际法禁止。与此同时,美国所主导的多起网络监控和窃密事件的曝光,进一步凸显了上述主张的双重标准和霸权主义色彩。美国极力予以区分的两类网络间谍行为,在现有国际法上都没有明确规定,但也都构成对他国主权和安全的危害,应当在国际法上加以禁止。中国应当基于网络主权原则的法理宣示与实践运用,着力推动对网络间谍的同等约束,在维护网络空间良法善治的同时,最大限度地维护本国正当利益。

In the current process of establishing rules and regulations for cyberspace,international legal regulation of cyber espionage has become a focal issue,and the great power game around it has been heating up.The United States,out of the desire to maintain its hegemony in the cyber domain,continues to advocate the Dichotomy between cyber political espionage and cyber economic espionage in international law,arguing that the former does not violate international law while the latter should be prohibited.Meanwhile,the exposure that the United States repeatedly conducted cyber surveillance and economic espionage further highlights the double standards and hegemonism nature of the aforementioned claims.The two types of cyber espionage that the United States strives to distinguish are not explicitly provided for in the existing international rules,but they both make harm to the sovereignty and security of other countries and should be prohibited in international law.In the face of the above challenges,China should pay special attention to the jurisprudence and practical application of the principle of cyber sovereignty,in an effort to ensure that the two types of cyber espionage activities be equally prohibited,so as to maximize its legitimate interests while safeguarding sound law and good governance in cyberspace.