“进(近)源找油”:油气地质理论创新与重点领域勘探思考

“Exploring petroleum inside or near the source kitchen”:innovations in petroleum geology theory and reflections on hydrocarbon exploration in key fields

创新地质理论和勘探重点领域是石油地质学科发展与工业探索发现的永恒主题,"进(近)源找油"正成为石油地质研究和油气勘探的新方向。地质理论创新引领石油工业从常规油气向非常规油气跨越,立足中国特色石油地质条件和勘探研究历程,取得4项研究认识。(1)松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地是中国的常规-非常规油气"共生富集"大盆地,未来油气勘探潜力仍很大,常规-非常规油气地质学将指导"共生富集"大盆地实现两种油气资源类型的整体发现、极限开发与协同发展。(2)石油地质理论在大油气田的发现中发挥重要作用,深化烃源岩认识可以不断开辟常规-非常规油气资源新领域,挖潜"共生富集"大盆地可以不断推动常规-非常规油气大发现。(3)重点领域是油气规模增储和战略发现的主力军,深层—超深层和非常规烃源岩层系是未来陆上重点发现和发展领域,中西部突出深层—超深层优质油气资源,中东部突出中—深层非常规规模油气资源。(4)立足6大常规-非常规油气"共生富集"盆地基础研究,突出烃源岩附近及其内部油气资源的规模快速利用,常规油气聚焦"富油气层系"战略发现,非常规油气聚焦"人造油气藏"规模开发,攻关"共生富集"盆地资源序列、重点领域风险勘探、万米超深层科学探索、非常规油气人工改造、煤炭一体化地下气化、页岩油及煤岩油原位转化6大战略领域,努力实现深层—超深层油气发现成规模、非常规油气资源能动用。面向未来10~15年,新一轮地质理论创新和重点领域优选,将带动中国油气工业继续增储上产。

Innovative geological theory and key exploration fields are the eternal subjects for the disciplinary development of petroleum geology as well as hydrocarbon exploration and discovery.Geological theory innovations have been leading the petroleum industry to achieve the transformation from conventional hydrocarbon development to unconventional hydrocarbon development.Based on the petroleum geology conditions with Chinese characteristics and the exploration and research processes,the following understandings have been obtained:(1)Songliao Basin,Bohai Bay Basin,Ordos Basin,Sichuan Basin,Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin are known as the great basins with the"symbiotic enrichment"of conventional and unconventional oil and gas in China,showing great petroleum exploration potential in future;guided by conventional-unconventional petroleum geology,the above great basins will achieve the overall discovery,ultimate and coordinated development of oil and gas resources.(2)Petroleum geology theory plays an important role in the discovery of major oil and gas fields,the new fields of conventional-unconventional oil and gas resources can be continuously broadened by deepening the understanding of source rock,and the great discoveries of conventional-unconventional petroleum can be continuously promoted by tapping the potential of the great basins with"symbiotic enrichment".(3)Key fields are the main forces for largely increasing reserve and strategic discovery of oil and gas.Deep,ultra-deep and unconventional source rock series are the future key discoveries and development fields onshore.The central and western regions are dominated by deep and super-deep quality oil and gas resources,while the central and eastern regions are dominated by large-scale middle-deep unconventional oil and gas resources.(4)Based on the basic research of six basins with"symbiotic enrichment",the authors emphasize the large-scale and rapid utilization of oil and gas resources near and inside the source rock,focus on the strategic discovery of"oil and gas-rich formation series"for conventional oil and gas and the large-scale development of"artificial oil and gas reservoirs"for unconventional oil and gas,and tackle key problems in six strategic fields,i.e.,resource sequence of the basins with"symbiotic enrichment",risk exploration of new plays in key fields,10000 m super-deep scientific exploration,artificial reform of unconventional oil and gas,integrated underground gasification of coal,and in-situ transformation of shale oil,or liquid-rich coal-bed striving to achieve the large-scale discovery of deep-super deep oil and gas and the active utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources.In the next 10-15 years,a new round of geological theory innovations and optimization in key fields will drive the Chinese oil and gas industry to continuously increase reservoir and production.