生态工程对科尔沁沙地主要生态服务功能的影响

Effects of Ecological Construction Projects on Primary Ecosystem Services in Horqin Sandy Land

[目的]研究生态工程实施下科尔沁沙地主要生态服务功能的变化特征,为该区今后生态保护建设提供科学依据。[方法]运用已有的生态服务评估方法定量评估了2001—2018年科尔沁沙地固碳量、水源涵养及水土保持服务功能的时空变化情况。[结果](1)科尔沁沙地土地利用类型主要以耕地、林地和草地为主,生态工程实施期间,林地、耕地面积分别增加8 448 km^(2),3 280 km^(2),草地面积减少12 639 km^(2);(2)科尔沁沙地固碳量稳步增长,林地和耕地的固碳量均增加,草地的固碳量减小,但草地固碳量依然最高;(3)科尔沁沙地水源涵养量呈先增加后略微减少的趋势,所有土地类型中林地水源涵养量持续升高;(4)科尔沁沙地水土保持量持续上升,约增加1.38×10^(7) t,林地水土保持量增加最显著。受地势的影响,区域水土保持总量呈西高东低的分布特征。[结论]科尔沁沙地生态工程建设效果良好,创造了显著的生态效益。

[Objective]Change characteristics of the primary ecosystem services in Horqin sandy land under the implementation of ecological construction projects were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for future ecological protection and construction in this area.[Methods]The temporal-spatial changes of carbon sequestration,water source conservation,and soil conservation in this region from^(2)001 to 2018 were evaluated by using existing ecosystem service assessment methods.[Results]①The land use types in Horqin sandy land were mainly farmland,forestland,and grassland.During the implementation of the ecological construction project,the area of forestland and farmland increased by 8448 km^(2) and 3280 km^(2) respectively,but the area of grassland decreased by 12639 km^(2).②Carbon sequestration in this region increased steadily.Carbon sequestration of forestland and farmland increased,while that of grassland decreased.However,carbon sequestration of grassland was still the highest.③The amount of water conservation of this region first increased and then decreased slightly,but the amount of water conservation in forestland continued to increase.④The amount of soil conservation in Horqin sandy land increased continuously,with an increase of about 1.38×10^(7) t,with forestland showing the largest increase.The spatial distribution of soil conservation was obviously limited by the terrain,with the total amount of soil conservation being highest in the west and lowest in the east.[Conclusion]The ecological construction projects in Horqin sandy land have produced good effects and significant ecological benefits.