不同造林方式对宁南山区樟子松抗旱造林效果的影响

Effects of Drought Resistant Afforestation of Pinus Sylvestnis var.Mongolica in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia Under Different Planting Patterns

[目的]定量评价干旱半干旱区生态工程建设和造林初期的效果,为该区域筛选出较为适宜的造林处理技术措施提供实践指导依据。[方法]对该地区造林树种樟子松进行了覆膜+浇水、覆膜+不浇水、不覆膜+浇水、修剪和对照(CK)5种技术的处理对比试验,对造林初期的3个指标成活率、年均生长量及造林成本为衡量指标,应用模糊数学隶属函数值法定量的对其效果进行综合比较与评价。[结果]不同造林处理措施的成活率大小依次为覆膜+浇水(96%)>覆膜+不浇水(95%)>修剪(92.3%)>不覆膜+浇水(91.3%)>对照(CK,89.3%);保存率大小依次为覆膜+浇水(94.6%)>覆膜+不浇水(94%)>不覆膜+浇水(87.3%)>对照(CK,80%)>修剪(77%);年均生长量大小依次为覆膜+浇水(14.6 cm)>覆膜+不浇水(13.5 cm)>不覆膜+浇水(11.5 cm)>修剪(10.6 cm)>对照(CK,9.7 cm);造林成本的大小依次为覆膜+浇水(14 037.5元/hm^(2))>覆膜+不浇水(11 712.5元/hm^(2))>不覆膜+浇水(10 450元/hm^(2))>修剪(8 750元/hm^(2))>对照(CK,8 125元/hm^(2))。[结论] 5种造林处理方式的初期效果综合评价差异明显,由强到弱排序为:覆膜+不浇水(0.674 4)>覆膜+浇水(0.666 7)>修剪(0.508 1)>不覆膜+浇水(0.425 6)>对照(CK,0.333 3),因此覆膜+不浇水造林技术措施具备良好的造林成效,对该技术的推广应用具有非常重要的实践和理论意义。

[Objective]The effects of ecological engineering construction and afforestation at the initial stage in arid and semi-arid regions was evaluated quantitatively,in order to provide practical guidance for screening out more suitable afforestation treatment technical measures in this region.[Methods]In a Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica plantation,five treatments were implemented:film mulching and watering(FW),film mulching but no watering(F),watering but no film mulching(W),pruning(P),and check(CK,no watering,no mulching,no pruning).Three evaluation indicators(survival rate,average annual growth,and afforestation cost at the initial stage)were measured,compared,and evaluated by using the membership function value method in fuzzy mathematics.[Results]Survival rate of the five treatments followed the order of FW(96%)>F(95%)>P(92.3%)>W(91.3%)>CK(89.3%).Preservation rate followed the order of FW(94.6%)>F(94%)>W(87.3%)>CK(80%)>P(77%).Average annual growth followed the order of FW(14.6 cm)>F(13.5 cm)>W(11.5 cm)>P(10.6 cm)>CK(9.7 cm).Afforestation cost followed the order of FW(14037.5 yuan/hm^(2))>F(11712.5 yuan/hm^(2))>W(10450 yuan/hm^(2))>P(8750 yuan/hm^(2))>CK(8125 yuan/hm^(2)).[Conclusion]Differences in the initial effect were obvious between the five afforestation treatments according to the comprehensive evaluation,and the overall order was F(0.6744)>FW(0.6667)>P(0.5081)>W(0.4256)>CK(0.3333).Therefore,the technology of film mulching and no watering(F)provided the best overall effect and had the greatest potential for promotion and application.