黑河中游耕地多功能性时空变化及权衡

Spatial-temporal Changes and Tradeoffs of Cropland Multi-functionality in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin

耕地具有粮食生产、生态维持、社会保障、景观游憩等多种功能,是保障人类粮食安全与社会经济发展的重要土地利用方式.本文以黑河中游为研究区,融合基础地理信息数据、社会经济统计数据、遥感数据和兴趣点(POI)数据等多源数据,构建耕地多功能性评价指标体系,揭示耕地功能权衡与协同关系的时空分布格局与变化特征,并通过聚类分析划分耕地功能类型区,对耕地保护与管理提出建议.结果表明:(1)黑河中游的耕地多功能性存在明显空间异质性,耕地功能高值区主要分布在中部走廊平原,低值区则以南部祁连山向走廊平原过渡带为主;(2)黑河中游大部分耕地的生产功能、生态功能和生活功能三者之间有显著的协同关系,并表现出集聚性特征,而表现出此消彼长的权衡关系的耕地面积比例较小;(3)根据耕地主导功能划分出中部平原优势生产区、祁连山生态保障区、南部沿山劣势区和北部荒漠劣势区4个功能区,进而提出耕地保护与利用的对策建议.

Cropland provides a variety of functions, including not only food production, but also ecological maintenance, social security and landscape recreation.Multi-functional use of cropland has become an important land use practice to ensure human food security and social economic development.Using data from multiple sources such as basic geographical information data, socio-economic statistics data, remote sensing data, and points of interest data, this study constructed an evaluation index system to evaluate the production, ecological and living functions of cropland, and then examined the spatial and temporal changes in the tradeoffs and synergies of these three functions in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin.Finally, this study applied the clustering analysis to divide croplands into four functional zones, and for each zone the protection and management measures to enhance multi-functionality were proposed.The results showed that multi-functionality of cropland demonstrated highly spatial heterogeneity across the study area.The high-value areas were distributed in the central corridor plains while the low-value areas were in the transition zone from the southern Qilian Mountains to the corridor plains.The strong synergies between production function, ecological function and living function of the cropland dominated the study area, and were characterized by agglomerated distribution, while the trade-offs accounted for a very small proportion of croplands.According to the dominant function, we classified croplands of the study area into four zones, the central plain areas with dominant production function, the Qilian Mountainous areas for ecological security, the southern mountainous areas with disadvantageous cultivation conditions, and the northern desert areas with disadvantageous cultivation conditions.As regards each zone, we also proposed scientific measures for cropland protection and use.