面向整车平顺性的商用车平衡悬架结构分析与优化设计研究

Research on Structural Analysis and Optimal Design of Commercial Vehicle Tandem Suspension with Vehicle Ride Comfort

为研究平衡悬架板簧与车桥连接方式对整车平顺性的影响,以国产某重型商用车为研究对象,分别建立滑板座及橡胶墩连接方式下整车刚柔耦合动力学模型并进行平顺性仿真对比,数据揭示橡胶墩连接方式下整车平顺性优于滑板座状态但仍有改善空间。建立以中桥振动传递路径下多测点三向平顺性为目标函数、橡胶墩平动及旋转刚度系数为优化变量及平衡悬架动行程为约束条件的数学模型。应用多软件耦合计算方法将动力学模型、多岛遗传算法、优化变量、目标函数及约束条件集成于多学科优化平台以开展橡胶墩刚度优化。对比优化前后橡胶墩刚度参数下整车平顺性响应,结果表明:橡胶墩刚度参数优化后整车平顺性较优化前提升约9%且主要源于中高频振动降低。

To explore the influence of the connection between the leaf spring of balanced suspension and axle on vehicle ride comfort,a heavy commercial vehicle made is taken as the research object.The sliding and rubber connection modes were developed and applied to the coupled dynamics model.Further,the simulations are carried to obtain the ride comfort data that shows the vehicle ride comfort with the rubber mode is better than sliding mode but still have improved space.A mathematical model,with the three-directional ride comfort of multi-point under the axle vibration transfer path as the objective function,the rubber translational and rotational stiffness coefficient as optimization variables,and suspension working space as the constraint conditions,was established.Next,the dynamic model,multi-island genetic algorithm,optimization variables,objective function,and constraint conditions are integrated into a multidisciplinary optimization platform to optimize the stiffness of rubber with a multi-software coupling calculation method.Finally,comparing the ride comfort response under the rubber stiffness parameters before and after optimization,illustrating the ride comfort has improved by about 8%with the optimized stiffness parameters.Besides,the improvement is mainly due to the reduction of medium-high frequency vibration.