国内交通基础设施与出口国内增加值率——对构建“双循环”新发展格局的启示

Domestic Transportation Infrastructure and Enterprise Export Value Added Ratio:The Implications on Construction of Dual Circulation New Development Pattern

出口增加值的国内份额能够良好地反映企业参与国内国际双循环的状况。基于2000—2013年中国微观企业数据,本文研究了交通基础设施对企业出口国内增加值率的影响与机制。研究发现,国内交通基础设施改善会对企业出口国内增加值率产生双向效应:一方面会提高企业成本加成率与国内中间品投入,进而提高企业出口国内增加值率,促进企业参与国内大循环;另一方面则会增加企业从事加工贸易的比重与进口中间品投入,进而降低企业出口国内增加值率,推动企业嵌入国际大循环。交通基础设施对企业出口国内增加值率的总体影响则取决于以上两个效应的相对大小。实证结果显示,负向效应大于正向效应,交通基础设施对企业出口国内增加值率的总体影响显著为负,且企业异质性特征显著。本文从微观层面上解释了我国"内外循环"联动发展的经济事实,为构建"双循环"新发展格局提供了有益的启示。

The situation of enterprises participating in domestic and international dual circulation can be well reflected by the domestic share of value-added of export,abbreviated EDVAR. The impact and mechanism of transportation infrastructure on the domestic and international dual circulation was investgated by the data of Chinese micro enterprises from 2000 to 2013. The results shows the improvement of domestic transportation infrastructure will have a dual effect on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese enterprises’ exports. The positive impact is mainly caused by the increasing of markup and domestic intermediate goods input,while the negative impact is mainly caused by the increasing of the proportion of processing trade and imported intermediate goods input. The negative effect is greater than the positive,which is the reason why transportation infrastructure will reduce the EDVAR of Chinese enterprises and promote enterprises to participate in the international cycle. The research conclusions of this article not only account for the fact of simultaneous development of internal and external economic circulation at the micro level,but also provide some beneficial implications for the construction of new development pattern named as dual circulation.