新村级债务:形成机制与衍生后果——基于鄂东D村的个案分析

New Village Debt:Formation Mechanism and Derivative Consequences

村级债务一直是困扰基层治理的重大问题。税费时期的传统村级债务主要是在压力型行政体制的运作模式以及传统型村干部共同作用之下形成的,属于资源挤压型村级债务。不同于传统村级债务,农业税取消之后的新村级债务是在国家大规模资源下乡背景下产生的,是一种资源输入型负债,主要是在提供兜底作用的大量下乡资源、内在动机的乡村利益合谋以及保障实施的富人型村干部治理手段等多种因素综合作用下形成的。高昂的新村级债务给乡村社会带来严重的治理后果,表现为村庄社会分化、基层权力固化以及村庄主体性弱化。村级债务规模与范围不断扩大容易造成严重的治理困境,需引起社会各界高度重视。

Village-level debt has always been a major problem that puzzles grassroots governance.The traditional village-level debt in the tax and fee period is mainly formed under the joint action of the pressure-based administrative system and the traditional village cadres,which belongs to the resource-squeezed village-level debt.Unlike the traditional village-level debt,the new village-level debt after the abolition of agricultural tax arises under the background of the country’s large-scale resources going to the countryside,and area kind of resource-input debt,mainly formed under the comprehensive action of many factors,such as providing a large number of resources going to the countryside,intrinsically motivated collusion of rural interests,and governance means of wealthy village cadres to ensure the implementation.The high new village-level debt brings serious governance consequences to the rural society,which is manifested in the social differentiation of villages,the solidification of grass-roots power and the weakening of village subjectivity.The ever-expanding scale and scope of village-level debt are likely to cause serious governance difficulties,which should be paid great attention to by all sectors of society.