玉米生产者补贴政策实施效果及其完善

Implementation Effect and Improvement of Corn Producer Subsidy Policy

肇始于2016年的玉米生产者补贴政策是基于玉米临储价格的弊端而进行的修正式改革,旨在回归市场供求决定价格的定价机制。生产者补贴政策实施以来,在提升市场竞争力、改善下游企业经营状况方面取得了积极成效,但在保障农民收益、推动种植结构调整方面的效果不确定性较高。研究发现,缺乏弹性的生产者补贴完全忽略了收购市场价格的波动,致使生产者引导价格——收购价格+生产补贴——在收购价格上行时严重地被放大,进而对农户生产行为产生严重误导,形成过度的供给;按照玉米面积发放补贴的方式具有较强粗放性,也会抑制政策效果的发挥。鉴于此,本文认为应实施可调节的补贴标准,并将补贴依据由播种面积改为玉米销售量,以完善玉米生产者补贴政策。

Based on the drawbacks of the temporary purchase and storage policy of corn,the corn producer subsidy policy was introduced in 2016.The policy aims to restore the price mechanism in which market supply and demand determine the price.The new policy has achieved positive results in enhancing the market competitiveness and improving the operation status of downstream enterprises,but it’s effect in protecting farmers’income and promoting the adjustment of planting structure is unstable.This paper finds that producer subsidies are inelastic and ignore the price fluctuation in the acquisition market.As a result,when the purchase price rises,the producer guided price(purchase price+production subsidy)is amplified,which will seriously mislead farmers’production and form excessive supply.As the corn area subsidy method has a strong extensive,it will also inhibit the effect of the policy.In view of this,this paper believes that in order to improve the subsidy policy of corn producers,we should implement adjustable subsidy standards,and change the basis of subsidy from planting area to corn sales.