植物提取物对感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌仔猪生长性能、粪便特性及肠道健康的影响

Effects of plant extracts on growth performance,fecal characteristics and intestinal health of piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

文章旨在评估基础日粮补充植物提取物对感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌仔猪断奶后3周生长性能、粪便特征及肠道健康的影响。试验将432头21 d断奶、平均体重为6.12 kg的仔猪随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复18头。断奶后前1周,各组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,在断奶第7天,感染组和植物提取物组仔猪通过口服接种4×10^(9) CFU/头产肠毒性大肠杆菌,对照组不做任何处理。之后对照组、感染组分别饲喂基础日粮,植物提取物组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+200 mg/kg植物提取物,试验从断奶当天开始持续3周。结果:断奶后3周感染组仔猪体重、15~21 d和1~21 d平均日增重显著低于对照组和植物提取物组(P<0.05),而料重比显著提高(P<0.05)。同时,感染组仔猪15~21 d平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著提高(P<0.05)。粪便评分0~1%时,感染组和植物提取物组仔猪在感染后7 d显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时,感染组仔猪在感染后14 d也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。粪便评分大于1%时,感染组仔猪在感染后7 d表现最高(P<0.05),同时感染组仔猪在感染后14 d也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组与植物提取物组对仔猪断奶后3周十二指肠绒毛高度的影响无显著差异(P>0.05),但对照组十二指肠绒毛高度较感染组显著提高15.85%(P<0.05),同时,对照组和植物提取物组断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度较感染组分别显著提高11.73%和9.93%(P<0.05)。结论:在本研究环境条件下,仔猪断奶后1周感染产肠毒性大肠杆菌会提高腹泻率,降低十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度,进而对日增重和饲料效率产生负面作用,日粮补充200 mg/kg植物提取物可以缓解肠毒性大肠杆菌对仔猪断奶后前3周的生长抑制作用。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of basal diet supplemented with plant extracts on growth performance,fecal characteristics and intestinal health of piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 3 weeks after weaning.A total of 432 piglets weaned at 21 days with an average body weight of 6.12 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 18 piglets per replicate.During the first 1 week after weaning,weaned piglets in each group were fed a basal diet.On day 7 of weaning,piglets in infection group and plant extract group were orally inoculated with 4×10^(9) CFU/head enterotoxic EScherichia coli,while piglets in control group were not treated with any treatment.Piglets in control group and infection group were fed basal diet,and piglets in plant extract group were fed basal diet+200 mg/kg plant extract.The experiment lasted for 3 weeks from the day of weaning.Results:At 3 weeks after weaning,the body weight,average daily gain at 15~21 d and 1~21 d in infection group were significantly lower than those in control group and plant extract group(P<0.05),while the ratio of feed to gain was significantly increased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the average daily gain in infected group was significantly lower than that in control group in the first 2 weeks after weaning(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly increased(P<0.05).When fecal score was 0~1%,piglets in infection group and plant extract group were significantly higher than those in control group at 7 d after infection(P<0.05),and piglets in infection group were significantly higher than those in control group at 14 d after infection(P<0.05).When the fecal score was greater than 1%,the performance of piglets in the infected group was the highest at 7 d after infection(P<0.05),and the performance of piglets in the infected group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 14 d after infection(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between control group and plant extract group on the height of duodenal villus 3 weeks after weaning(P<0.05),but the height of duodenal villus in control group was significantly increased by 15.85%compared with infection group(P<0.05).Compared with control group,jejunum villus height of weaned piglets in control group and plant extract group was significantly increased by 11.73%and 9.93%(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:under the condition of this research environment,1 weeks after weaning piglets infected with e.coli produce intestinal toxicity will increase the rate of diarrhea,reduce the duodenum and jejunum villus height,and produce negative effect to daily gain and feed efficiency,diet supplement of 200 mg/kg im plant extracts can relieve toxicity of e.coli in the first three weeks after weaning piglets growth inhibition.