添加柿子皮对全混合日粮青贮发酵品质、体外瘤胃发酵指标的影响及其在肉牛上的应用研究

Study on fermentation quality,in vitro rumen fermentation of total mixed diet supplementation of persimmon peel and its application in beef cattle

文章旨在评估全混合日粮中添加不同水平柿子皮后青贮发酵品质、体外瘤胃发酵指标及其对肉牛生长性能的影响。在营养水平一致的全混合日粮中分别添加0、10%和20%柿子皮,在密闭条件下青贮6周后取样分析指标。并将初始体重接近的60头肉牛随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头,分别饲喂上述青贮饲料20周。结果:对照组日粮发酵后干物质、非纤维碳水化合物、可溶性单宁乳酸含量显著高于处理组(P<0.05)。10%和20%柿子皮组pH、粗灰分和中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组可溶性蛋白含量显著高于20%柿子皮组(P<0.05),但乙醇和乙酸浓度显著低于20%柿子皮组(P<0.05)。处理组挥发性脂肪酸总量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但20%柿子皮组甲烷产量显著低于对照组和10%柿子皮组(P<0.05)。此外,对照组丁酸浓度显著高于处理组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,20%柿子皮组肉牛的平均日增重较对照组显著提高18.13%(P<0.05),但料重比显著降低15.67%(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,全混合日粮中添加20%柿子皮青贮后可以抵抗青贮过程中蛋白质的分解,降低甲烷产量,提高肉牛生长性能。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation quality,in vitro rumen fermentation and its effects on growth performance of beef cattle supplemented with different levels of persimmon peel in total mixed diet.A total mixed diet containing 0,10%and 20%persimmon skins was added to the same nutrient level and silaged for 6 weeks under closed conditions,after which samples were taken for analysis of the indices.Sixty beef cattle with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 4 cattle per replicate.They were fed the silage for 20 weeks,respectively.Results:After fermentation,the contents of dry matter,non-fiber carbohydrate and soluble tannin lactic acid in control group were significantly higher than those in treatment group(P<0.05).The contents of pH,ash and neutral detergent fiber in 10%and 20%persimmon peel groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The soluble protein content in control group was significantly higher than that in 20%persimmon peel group(P<0.05),but the concentrations of ethanol and acetic acid in control group were significantly lower than those in 20%persimmon peel group(P<0.05).The total volatile fatty acids in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),but the methane yield in 20%persimmon peel group was significantly lower than that in control group and 10%persimmon peel group(P<0.05).In addition,the butyric acid concentration in control group was significantly higher than that in treatment group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the average daily gain of beef cattle in 20%persimmon peel group was significantly increased by 18.13%(P<0.05),but the ratio of feed to gain was significantly decreased by 15.67%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under the experimental conditions,the total mixed diet supplemented with 20%persimmon peel silage can resist protein decomposition during silage,reduce methane production and improve the growth performance of beef cattle.