2019年浙江省义乌市5岁以下儿童咳嗽现况调查及其影响因素分析

The prevalence rate and influencing factors of cough in children under 5 years old in Yiwu city, Zhejiang Province in 2019

目的探讨5岁以下社区儿童的咳嗽患病率及其影响因素。方法于2019年10—12月,以浙江省义乌市所有的14个乡镇/街道为研究现场,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取14个乡镇/街道的50个自然村/居民小区的3102名5岁以下社区儿童为研究对象。对儿童看护人进行面对面现场问卷调查,收集人口学资料和儿童近1个月咳嗽相关信息。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析儿童咳嗽及不同咳嗽状态的影响因素。结果多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,与0~<1岁、散居、看护人受教育程度是高中以下、家庭有1名5岁以下儿童者相比,1~<2、2~<3、3~<4岁、托幼儿童、看护人受教育程度高中及以上、家庭有5岁以下儿童人数≥2者的咳嗽患病风险较高,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.52(1.19~1.92)、1.65(1.29~2.10)、1.86(1.36~2.54)、2.59(1.99~3.38)、1.48(1.26~1.74)和1.35(1.13~1.62)。进一步分析不同状态咳嗽的影响因素,多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,托幼状态、家庭5岁以下儿童数和看护人受教育程度均为急性、迁延性和慢性咳嗽的影响因素;年龄仅为急性、迁延性咳嗽的影响因素。结论5岁以下社区儿童咳嗽的疾病负担较重,与儿童年龄、看护人受教育程度、家庭5岁以下儿童数和托幼状态等因素有关。

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of cough and its influencing factors in community children under 5 years old.Methods From October to December 2019,we selected 3102 community children under the age of 5 from 50 natural villages/residential communities in 14 towns/streets of Yiwu,Zhejiang Province,using multi-stage random sampling method.A face-to-face and on-site questionnaire survey was conducted among child caregivers to collect demographic data and information about children′s cough in the last 1 month.Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze children′s cough and the influencing factors of different cough states.Results Multivariate logistic regression model analysis results showed that compared with 0-1 year old,dispersed,caregivers with education level below high school,families with 1 child under 5 years old,Cough risk was higher in 1-2,2-3,3-4 years old,nurseries,caregivers with education level of high school or above,and families with more than 2 children under 5 years old.OR(95%CI)values were 1.52(1.19-1.92),1.65(1.29-2.10),1.86(1.36-2.54),2.59(1.99-3.38),1.48(1.26-1.74)and 1.35(1.13-1.62),respectively.Further analysis of the influencing factors of different states of cough,multivariate logistic regression model analysis results showed that preschool status,the number of children under 5 years old in the family and the education level of caregivers were the influencing factors of acute,prolonged and chronic cough.Age was only an influencing factor of acute and persistent cough.Conclusions The disease burden of cough in children under 5 years old community was heavy,and the cough was related to children′s age,education level of caregivers,number of children under 5 years old in the family and childcare status.