机械化学方法在环境污染控制领域的应用研究进展

Research development of mechanochemistry in environmental pollution control

机械化学方法发展迅速,应用广泛,是环境污染治理领域的重要技术之一,其在持久性有机污染物(POPs)降解方面展现出良好的前景。与其他处理方法相比,机械化学方法反应彻底、溶剂需求量少、反应条件简单、处理成本低且几乎不产生二次污染等优势吸引了越来越多研究人员的关注。本文介绍了机械化学的起源以及机械化学作用于物料过程的等离子模型以及表面化学断键产生自由电子、晶体缺陷促进反应等作用机制,综述了机械化学方法在环境污染控制领域如污染物降解与处置以及废弃物回收等方面的成果,重点从主添加剂类别、氯代持久性有机污染物和其他持久性有机污染物方面阐述了机械化学方法在POPs治理方面的研究现状,总结了POPs在机械化学作用过程的反应机理,指出了目前研究工作的不足,为推广机械化学处理POPs及其污染土壤指明了研究方向。

Mechanochemisty is considered as an important technology in the field of environmental pollutants control,especially in the degradation of persistent organic pollutants(POPs),due to its rapid development and versatile applications.The mild reaction conditions and unique advantages such as complete reaction,less demand for solvents,low cost and almost no secondary pollution attract more and more attention from researchers.In this review,the source and the mechanism of mechanochemistry such as plasma model and the generation of electron undergone bond breakage and lattice defect for promoting the reaction are summarized.The previous research of mechanochemistry in environmental protection such as pollutants decomposition and disposal and waste materials utilization are introduced and commented especially on the development of POPs treatment in the aspect of main reagents,chlorinated persistent organic pollutants and other persistent organic pollutants,etc.The representative reaction mechanism of the process is described in details.Finally,further research for the promotion of mechanochemical degradation of POPs and the contaminant soil is proposed.