不同灸法对免疫抑制兔脾脏、胸腺影响的组织学研究

Effects of Different Moxibustion Methods on Spleen and Thymus in Immunosuppressive Rabbits:A Morphology Study

目的观察不同灸法对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制兔脾脏指数、脾组织形态学、胸腺组织形态学的影响。方法大耳白兔40只,随机分成空白组、模型组、隔药饼灸组和艾条灸组4组,每组10只。除去空白组,模型组、隔药饼灸组和艾条灸组均连续7天经腹腔注射环磷酰胺60 mg·kg^(-1),制备免疫抑制模型。造模成功后,隔药饼灸组用六味地黄汤组方药物制成的药饼放置在"神阙"、"关元"、"足三里(双)"、"脾俞(双)"、"肾俞(双)"上,以线香点燃置于药饼上的制备好的艾炷,燃尽更换,每穴连灸5壮;艾条灸组施以艾条灸,将自制的与5壮艾炷量相等的小艾条放置于上述穴位,燃尽即止;均隔日灸,共灸10次。空白组、模型组相同时间均绑缚固定到兔台上,不予干预。干预结束后次日,对动物进行称重、麻醉,取动物脾脏、胸腺,常规HE染色,镜下观察,并计算脾脏指数。结果与空白组比较,模型组动物脾脏指数明显升高(P<0.01);脾脏白髓面积缩小,红髓内有较多色素沉积;胸腺皮髓界限不清,皮质淋巴细胞减少。与模型组比,隔药饼灸组和艾条灸组的脾脏指数明显下降,其中隔药饼灸组(P<0.01),艾条灸组(P<0.05);隔药饼灸组脾脏白髓面积增大,动脉周围淋巴鞘淋巴细胞增多,红髓内色素沉积较少;胸腺结构恢复,皮髓界限清楚,皮质淋巴细胞增多。艾条灸组部分脾脏的白髓面积增大,动脉周围淋巴鞘淋巴细胞较密集,红髓内有出血和色素沉积;胸腺皮质淋巴细胞较密集,皮髓界限清。结论不同灸法都有调节免疫抑制兔脾脏指数的作用;还能改善因免疫抑制导致的脾组织、胸腺组织的受损情况,提高免疫抑制兔的免疫功能;且隔药饼灸组改善的效果要优于艾条灸组。

Objective To observe the effects of different moxibustion methods on the spleen index,spleen tissue morphology,and thymus tissue morphology of the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide.Methods A total of 40 rabbits were randomly assigned into blank group,model group,herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and moxa stick moxibustion group,10 rabbits in each group.Except the blank group,the rabbits in the model group,herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and moxa stick moxibustion group,were injected of cyclophosphamide(60 mg·kg^(-1))for 7 days to prepare an immunosuppression model.After the model established successfully,the rabbits in the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group were treated with herbal cake-separated moxibustion"Shenque"(CV 8),"Guanyuan"(CV 4),"Zusanli"(ST 36),"Pishu"(BL 20)and"Shenshu"(BL 23);the moxa cone was placed on the herbal cake which was made from the Liuwei Dihuang Decoction prescriptions five cones for each acupoint.The rabbits in the moxa stick moxibustion group were treated with moxa stick moxibustion which contained equal moxa of five moxa cones and the acupoints were same.In the above two groups,the intervention was given once every other day for totally 10 times.The blank group and model group were tied and fixed to the rabbit table at the same time without any intervention.The day after the intervention,the rabbits were weighed and sacrificed to collect the spleen and thymus.With routine HE staining,the changes of the spleen tissue morphology and thymus tissue morphology of each group were observed under a microscope,and calculate spleen index.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group′s spleen index was significantly increased(P<0.01);the spleen tissue white pulp area was reduced,and there were more pigment depositions in the red pulp;Thymus cortex and medulla were unclear,and cortical lymphocytes were reduced.Compared with the model group,the spleen index of herbal cake-separated moxibustion group and moxa stick moxibustion group decreased significantly,among which herbal cake-separated moxibustion group(P<0.01),moxa stick moxibustion group(P<0.05);In the herbal cake-separated moxibustion group,the area of spleen white pulp increased,the lymphatic cells of lymphatic sheath around the artery increased,and the pigment depositions in the red pulp decreased;the thymus structure were restored,the cortex and medulla boundaries were clear,and cortical lymphocytes were increased.In the moxa stick moxibustion group,part of the white pulp area increased,the lymphatic cells of lymphatic sheath around the artery of the spleen tissue were dense,and there was local bleeding and pigmentation in the red pulp;thymic cortical lymphocytes were dense,and the border of the cortex and medulla were clear.Conclusion Different moxibustion methods can regulate the spleen index of immunosuppressed rabbits;it can also improve the tissue damage of spleen and thymus caused by immunosuppression and improve the immune function of immunosuppressed rabbits.The improvement effect of herbal cake-separated moxibustion group is better than moxa stick moxibustion group.