病原微生物细胞外囊泡:是敌还是友?

Extracellular vesicles of pathogenic microorganisms:friend or foe?

细胞外囊泡(EV)是细胞或微生物分泌的直径在30~1 000 nm的双层脂质囊泡,内含有丰富的蛋白质、核酸、脂质及其他生物信息分子。因此EV可以作为细胞间物质传递的载体。目前在感染性疾病中,病原微生物的EV可作为双刃剑,起到双重作用。既可在宿主的感染免疫,病原菌的感染致病及耐药性传递中发挥负面"敌"的重要作用,也可在临床诊疗中展现病原微生物EV"友"的优势。

Extracellular vesicles(EV)are lipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 30-1000 nm secreted by cells or microorganisms,which are abundant in proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and other biological information molecules.Therefore,EV can be used as a carrier,transferring materials between cells.At present,in infectious diseases,EV derived from pathogenic microorganisms could be considered as a double-edged sword,which means it can not only play a negative role in the host′s infection immunity,bacteria′s pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance transmission,but also manifest the advantages in clinical diagnosis and treatment.