江西地方花生种质资源主要农艺性状分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits of Local Peanut Germplasms in Jiangxi Province

为充分利用地方花生种质资源,扩充花生遗传育种亲本库,对“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”中收集到的134份江西地方花生种质资源的9个主要农艺性状运用变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行鉴定评价,并筛选出特异种质。结果表明,单株生产力的变异系数最大,为49.13%,其次,总分枝数、主茎高、百果重和百仁重的变异系数也较高,生育期和出仁率的变异系数较小;相关性分析表明单株生产力与总分枝数、生育期呈极显著正相关,可适当增加总分枝数,以提高单株产量;主成分分析将9个主要农艺性状归为3个主成分,累计贡献率达到71.454%,可综合概括9个农艺性状的信息;聚类分析将134份资源划分为4大类,相同的植物学类型被划分到不同的类群,第Ⅰ类群为中果资源,单株生产力居中,第Ⅱ类群为大果资源,第Ⅲ类群为高产资源,第Ⅳ类群为小果资源,单株生产力较低;筛出9份单株生产力高、5份大果和3份小果花生种质。

In order to make full use of local peanut germplasm resources and expand the genetic breeding parent database of peanut,134 local peanut germplasm resources in Jiangxi province collected in the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources were identified and evaluated by variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,in order to screen the special germplasm resources.The results showed that pod mass per plant had the highest coefficient of variation(49.13%),followed by total number of branches,main stem height,100-pod mass,and 100-kernel mass,while growth duration and kernel percentage had low coefficient of variation.Correlation analysis showed that pod mass per plant was significantly positively correlated with total number of branches and growth duration,so an appropriate increase of the total number of branches could improve the yield per plant.The nine main agronomic traits were classified into 3 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 71.454%,which could comprehensively summarize the information of the nine main agronomic traits.Based on cluster analysis,134 resources were divided into four groups,with the same botanical types separated into different groups.Group I was intermediary-fruit peanut resources with medium pod mass per plant,GroupⅡwas large-fruit peanut resources,GroupⅢwas high-yield peanut resources,and Group IV was small-fruit peanut resources with low pod mass per plant.Nine peanut germplasms with high pod mass per plant,five with large fruit,and three with small fruit were screened.