国外技术出口管制及其特点

Foreign Technology Export Controls and Their Characteristics

随着我国出口管制领域第一部专门法律《中华人民共和国出口管制法》的正式生效,我国的出口管制管理进入新阶段。探析并总结发达国家/地区在技术出口管制领域的实践经验,可以得出对我国相关工作有益的启示,帮助我国出口管制政策尽快落地实施。文章通过分析部分发达国家/地区技术出口管制现状与主要措施,概括总结了发达国家/地区技术出口管制的三个特点——体系化、全面化和效率化,并解析了这些特点的内涵及其实现手段。从中可以看出,发达国家/地区利用灵活、有效的出口管制,使出口管制成为一种经济手段和政治工具,可以通过对部分国家和技术及产品的精准控制,从而有效维护出口国家的政治、经济和外交利益,保障国家安全。

The Export Control Law of the People.s Republic of China is the first specialized law in the field of export control in our country.With the formal entry into force of this law,China.s export control administration has entered into a new stage.Exploring and summarizing the practices and experiences of technology export controls in developed countries/regions will give some insights to our country.s development and help the policy to be implemented as soon as possible.This paper generalizes the characteristics of the technology export controls from three aspects—systematization,comprehensiveness and efficiency based on the current situation and main measures of technology export controls in developed countries/regions,and explains the content of these characteristics as well as the means to achieve them.It is concluded that flexible and effective export control measures can achieve accurate controls on technology and products against specific country,thus making export controls become an economic instrument and a political tool,so as to effectively safeguarding the exporting country.s political,economic and diplomatic interests and guaranteeing the national security.