基于比较优势视角的中美巴三国大豆竞争力分析

Analysis of Soybean Competitiveness Among China,the United States and Brazil Based on Comparative Advantage Perspective

增强粮食竞争力是确保国家粮食安全的关键,明确符合国情的粮食竞争力内涵是客观评价的基础。本文阐述了我国粮食竞争力的内涵,在此基础上确定大豆竞争力指标内容,使其更符合我国国情农情;并选取美国、巴西两个大豆生产强国作为比较对象,基于2000年以来三国大豆数据对比大豆比较优势和竞争优势,分析了国产大豆与美巴大豆在成本、价格、可持续能力、政策支持等方面的差距。结果表明:国产大豆在生产成本、销售价格、可持续能力各方面均不具有优势,但政策支持较强,可一定程度遏制国产大豆萎缩势头。未来我国大豆需求主要依赖进口的格局不会改变,基于中美巴比较的结论,进一步明确了提振大豆竞争力的方向,即对内弥补大豆生产短板,对外稳定供应渠道,双管齐下提升我国大豆竞争力,确保国内粮食供给安全。

Enhancing grain competitiveness is the key to ensuring national food security,and clarifying the meaning of grain competitiveness in line with national conditions is the basis for objective evaluation.This paper explains the connotation of China.s grain competitiveness,and on this basis determines the content of soybean competitiveness indicators to make them more consistent with China.s national agricultural conditions.This paper selects two soybean producing countries,the United States and Brazil,as comparative research objects,and compares the comparative and competitive advantages of soybeans based on soybean data from the three countries since2000,so as to identify the gaps in cost,price,sustainability and policy support among domestic soybeans,US soybeans,and Brazil soybeans.The results show that:domestic soybeans do not have advantages in production costs,sales prices,and sustainability,but stronger policy support can curb the shrinking momentum of domestic soybeans to some extent.The future pattern of China.s soybean demand relying mainly on import will not change.Based on the conclusions of the comparison between China,the United States and Brazil,the direction of boosting soybean competitiveness is further clarified,i.e.,to make up for the shortcomings of soybean production internally and stabilize supply channels externally,in a two-pronged approach to enhance China.s soybean competitiveness and ensure the security of domestic food supply.